Question Bank for UPSC Geography Climate / जलवायु Climatology

1. Tropo pause extends to a height of 18 km at the equator and only 10 km at the poles.

2. Ionosphere is useful for radio transmission.

What is the exact sequence of atmospheric layers in ascending order from the surface of the earth?

A)

1 only

B)

2 only

C)

Both 1 and 2

D)

Neither 1 nor 2

View Solution

8)

A)

Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Ionosphere

B)

Troposphere, Exosphere, Mesosphere, Stratosphere

C)

Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Exosphere, Troposphere

D)

Ionosphere, Troposphere, Mesosphere, Stratosphere

View Solution

9)

Which of the following statements is/are correct?

I. Water vapour in the atmosphere decreases with altitude.

II. It increases from equator towards the poles.

III. About 90% of atmospheric water vapour lies below 6 km.

IV. It preserves earth's radiated heat.

A)

I, II, III???

B)

I, III, IV

C)

I, II, III, IV

D)

II, III, IV

View Solution

10)

Consider the following statements about the atmosphere

1. Chemically it is divided into homosphere and heterosphere.

2. Molecular layer extends from 200 to 1100 km.

3. Water vapour present in the air produces the optical phenomena of red and orange hues in the sky at sunrise and sunset which are known as dawn and dusk respectively.

4. Thermosphere is divided into ionosphere and exosphere

A)

2, 3 and 4 only

B)

1, 2 and 3 only

C)

1, 3 and 4 only

D)

1, 2 and 4 only

View Solution

11)

1. Ionosphere deflects long wave, medium wave and short wave radio waves and help in radio transmission.

2. Ionosphere is the layer of convection currents

Assertion (A): The thickness of the atmosphere is the maximum over the equator.?????

A)

1 only

B)

2 only

C)

Both 1 and 2

D)

Neither 1 nor 2

View Solution

12)

Reason (R): High insulation and strong convection currents occur over the equator.

A)

Both A are R are individually true and R is the correct explanation of A

B)

Both A and R are individually true but R is not the correct explanation of A

C)

A is true but R is false

D)

A is fast false but R is true

View Solution

13)

Consider the following statements about a particular layer of the atmosphere.

1. It contains about three-fourth of the total mass of the atmosphere.

2. There is fall in temperature with increasing height.

3. Its height is more at equator than at the poles. All the weather phenomena occur in this layer.

Identify this layer

A)

Ionosphere

B)

Mesosphere

C)

Stratosphere

D)

Troposphere

View Solution

14)

Which of the following fact about dust particles in the atmosphere is/are correct?

I. They act as hydroscopic nuclei around which water vapour condenses to produce cloud.

II. They produce dawn and dusk.

III. They have no role in the apparent colour of the sky.

A)

I and II

B)

II and III

C)

I, II and III

D)

I and III

View Solution

15)

Consider the following statements.

1. The diffused light that occurs before sunrise is known as dawn.

2. Light is scattered by the molecules of atmosphere gases.

3. The duration of dawn and twilight varies with altitude.

4. Lower sun angles produces longer dawn and twilight.

Which of the following is/are correctly matched?

A)

1 and 2 only

B)

2 and 3 only

C)

3 and 4 only

D)

1, 2, 3 and 4

View Solution

16)

List I (Atmospheric layers)	List II (Characteristics)
A. Troposphere	1. Normal lapse rate
B. Stratosphere	2. Mother of pearls
C. Ionosphere	3. Reflection of radio waves
D. Exosphere	4. Very rare air

A)

A-1 B-2C-3D-4

B)

A-2B-3C-4D-1

C)

A-3B-4C-1D-2

D)

A-4 B-3C-2D-1

View Solution

17)

Match list I with list II and select the correct answer using the code given below.

List I (Characteristics)	List II (Atmospheric layer)
A. Fall in temperature with height	1. Ionosphere
B. Reflects radio waves???	2. Troposphere
C. Contains ozone gas????	3. Exosphere
D. Increase in temperature with height	4. Stratosphere

A)

A-2 B-1C-4D-3

B)

A-1B-3C-2D-4

C)

A-4B-3C-1D-2

D)

A-3B-4C-2D-1

View Solution

18)

I. Increasing use of the chlorofluorocarbons has resulted in depletion of ozone layer in the atmosphere.

II. The largest ozone hole is found on the Arctic Ocean

A)

Statements I and II are correct

B)

Neither I nor II is correct

C)

Only I is correct

D)

Only II is correct

View Solution

19)

Consider the following statements regarding homosphere and select the correct answer using codes given below:

1. It extends from the earth's surface up to an altitude of 80-90 km.

2. It has heterogeneous chemical composition.

3. Kennedy- Heaviside layer is an important part of ionosphere.

4. This part of the atmosphere is a function of revolutionary process in the atmosphere.

A)

Only 1 is correct

B)

Only 1 and 2 are correct

C)

Only 1, 2 and 3 are correct

D)

1, 2, 3 and 4 are correct.

View Solution

20)

The earth receives only two billionth part of the total solar radiation emitted by the sun. The probable causes are

I. Large distance of the earth from the sun.

II. Small size of the earth as compared to sun.

III. Empty space between the sun and the earth.

IV. The gaseous mass surrounding the earth.

A)

Statement I, II and III are correct.

B)

Statement II, III and IV are correct.

C)

Statement I and II are correct.

D)

Statement III and IV are correct.

View Solution

21)

1. Heat energy radiated by the sun into space is known as solar insolation.

2. Slope of land does not have any effect on the amount of solar radiation received at a place.

The ideal conditions for flying jet aircraft are provided by stratosphere because

A)

1 only

B)

2 only

C)

Both 1 and 2

D)

Neither 1 nor 2

View Solution

22)

I. There are no clouds and other weather phenomenon.

II. Uniform temperature increases engine efficiency.

III. The presence of ozone gas increases fuel efficiency

IV. Air resistance is at its maximum.

Which statement is/are correct?

A)

Only I

B)

I and II

C)

I, II and III

D)

I, II, III and IV

View Solution

23)

Which factor does not affect the amount of solar radiation received at the surface of the earth?

A)

Inclination of sun's rays

B)

Presence of clouds in the atmosphere

C)

Duration of day

D)

Rotation of the earth

View Solution

24)

The earth's albedo means:

A)

Solar radiation absorbed by the earth's surface.

B)

Solar radiation absorbed by the atmosphere.

C)

Solar radiation reflected back by the earth's surface to the space.

D)

Ratio between the total solar radiation falling upon a surface and amount reflected in percentage,

View Solution

25)

1. The reflective quality of a surface, expressed in percentage of the total energy received known as its albedo.

2. The albedo of water surface varies from 2 to 99 per cent depending on the angle of incidence of the sun's rays.

3. Albedo of old snow is layer than that of the fresh snow.

4. The overall albedo of clouds is larger than other surface.

Consider the following ecosystems:

A)

1, 2 and 3 only

B)

2, 3 and 4 only

C)

1, 2 and 4 only

D)

1, 2, 3 and 4

View Solution

26)

1. Taiga

2. Tropical evergreen

3. Tropical deciduous

4. Tundra

The correct sequence in decreasing order of the Albedo values of those ecosystems is;

A)

1, 4, 3, 2

B)

4, 1, 3, 2

C)

4, 1, 2, 3

D)

1, 4, 2, 3

View Solution

27)

Consider the following statements:?????

I. Balance of heat received and emitted by the earth is called its heat budget.

II. Less than half of the solar insulation received at the top of the atmosphere reaches the earth's surface.

A)

I is correct

B)

II is correct

C)

Both I and II are correct

D)

Neither I nor II is correct

View Solution

28)

I. Insulation is the heat energy and temperature is the measure of heat intensity.

II. Insulation is measured in calories whereas temperature is expressed in degrees (\[^{o}C\]or\[^{o}F\]).

III. Insolation is the effect and temperature is the cause.

Find out the correct statements using the following code.

A)

I only

B)

I and II only

C)

I, II and III

D)

II and III only

View Solution

29)

Match list I with list II and select the correct answer using the code given below

List I?? ???????? (Process)???????	List II (Definition)
A. Absorption??	1. The reflection quality of a surface
B. Albedo?????	2. Solar radiation which is intercepted by the earth.
C. Refraction??	3. The bending effect that occurs when insolation enters the atmosphere
D. Insolation?	?4. Assimilation and conversion of radiation from one form to another in a medium

A)

A-4 B-1C-3D-2

B)

A-2B-3C-1D-4

C)

A-1B-4C-2D-3

D)

A-3B-2C-4D-1

View Solution

30)

The ozone deflection can cause:

1. Skin cancer particularly to white skinned people.

2. Crop damage

3. Throat irritation and fatigue

4. Injury to some aquatic life

Find out the correct answer using code given below.

A)

1 and 2 only

B)

1, 2 and 3 only

C)

1, 2, 3 and 4

D)

2, 3, 4 only

View Solution

31)

Between heights of 20 to 50 km in the stratosphere the temperature rises from about \[-{{55}^{o}}C\] to \[-{{0}^{o}}C\] because of:

A. Torrid zone	1. Between Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn
B. North Temperate Zone	2. Between Tropic of Capricorn and Antarctic Circle
C. South Temperate Zone	3. Between Tropic of Cancer and Arctic Circle
D. North Frigid Zone???	4. Between Arctic Circle and North Pole

A)

A-1 B-2C-3D-4

B)

A-4B-3C-1D-2

C)

A-1B-3C-2D-4

D)

A-3B-2C-4D-1

View Solution

32)

A)

Large absorption of solar radiation by pure air.

B)

Lack of vertical movement of air.

C)

Presence of ozone gas.

D)

Presence of minute particles.

View Solution

33)

In which region do we receive maximum solar radiation at the earth's surface?

List I	List II
A. Temperature falls	1. Ionosphere with height
B. Reflects radio waves back	2. Stratosphere
C. Contains most of Ozone	3. Troposphere
D. Fall in temperature stops	4. Tropopause

A)

A-2 B-3C-4D-1

B)

A-1B-2C-3D-4

C)

A-4B-3C-2D-1

D)

A-3B-1C-2D-4

View Solution

34)

A)

Tropical rainforests

B)

Tropical hot deserts

C)

Sub polar areas

D)

Highlands of Central Asia

View Solution

35)

Which of the following layers of the atmosphere and their characteristic is (are) correctly matched?

List I (Atmospheric Layers)	List II (Characteristics)
A. Troposphere???	1. All weather phenomena
B. Stratosphere???	2. Presence of ozone layer
C. Ionosphere?????	3. Electricity charged particles
D. Mesosphere????	4. Aurora Borealis

A)

A and B

B)

A, B and C

C)

B, C and D

D)

A, B, C and D

View Solution

36)

In which form of waves, solar radiation reaches the earth's surface and is reflected back by the earth's surface?

A)

Short waves and long waves

B)

Short waves and short waves

C)

Long waves and long waves

D)

Long waves and short waves

View Solution

37)

Inversion of temperature in the troposphere occurs when

1. Nights are short

2. Sky is covered with clouds

3. Weather is stable

4. Air is dry

Which of the above factors are correct?

A)

1 and 2 only

B)

2 and 3 only

C)

3 and 4 only????

D)

1 and 4 only

View Solution

38)

Which of the following are correctly matched?

List I????????????????? (Phenomena)??????????	List II (Type of temperature inversion)
I. Air moving from high area to low area along the valley floor	1. Air drainage inversion
II. Intense cooling of earth's surface due to rapid radiation	2. Surface inversion
III. Warm airs blows over cold air??? ?	3. Advectional inversion
IV. Cold air mass pushes up the warm air mass	4. Frontal inversion

A)

I and II??

B)

I, II and III

C)

I, II, III and IV??

D)

II and IV

View Solution

39)

Consider the following statements:??????????

1. Regular fall of temperature with height in the troposphere is known as normal lapse rate.

2. Rise in temperature with height is called inversion of temperature.????????????????

Which of the above statements is/are correct??

A)

1 only

B)

2 only????????????

C)

both 1 and 2????

D)

Neither 1 nor 2??

View Solution

40)

? The highest diurnal range of temperature is recorded in which of the following regions????

A)

Equatorial region

B)

Hot desert region

C)

Monsoon region

D)

Mediterranean region

View Solution

41)

In which of the following regions will you expect the highest annual range of temperature?

A)

Savanna region

B)

Equatorial region

C)

Taiga region

D)

Monsoon region

View Solution

42)

1. In the troposphere the temperature falls at the rate of \[{{10}^{o}}C\] per km altitude.

2. Cloudy days and nights are cooler than dry days and nights

Which of the above statements is/are correct??

A)

1 only

B)

2 only

C)

Neither 1 nor 2

D)

Both 1 and 2

View Solution

43)

Consider the following statements:????????????

1. Days and nights are longest in June and December respectively in the northern hemisphere.

2. Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn represent the farthest northern and southern limits of the sun's vertical rays respectively.

3. At the time of summer Solstice, Norway and Finland never get sunshine.

4. At the time of winter solstice, the Antarctic continent is in complete darkness.

Examine the following statements and find out the correct answer using the following codes:

A)

1 and 2 only

B)

2 and 3 only

C)

3 and 4 only

D)

1, 2, 3 and 4

View Solution

44)

[a] Moscow in the Russian Federation has the highest annual range of temperature in the world.

[b] Singapore has one of the lowest annual ranges of temperature in the world.

A)

1 only

B)

2 only

C)

Both 1 and 2

D)

Neither 1 nor 2

View Solution

45)

Examine the following statements and select the correct answer using the codes given below:

1. Interior parts of the continents experience higher annual range of temperature as compared to the coastal areas.

2. Thermal equator remains at the equator throughout the year.

3. Northern hemisphere experiences higher annual range of temperature than southern hemisphere.

4. Some parts of equatorial Africa experience higher diurnal range of temperature than the annual range of temperature.

A)

1, 2 and 3 only

B)

2, 3 and 4 only

C)

1, 3 and 4 only

D)

1, 2 and 4 only

View Solution

46)

Consider the following statements.

1. Isotherms almost run parallel to the latitudes.

2. In the northern hemisphere, the isotherms bend equator ward while crossing landmasses and pole ward while crossing the oceans.

Atmospheric pressure depends on Temperature of the air.

A)

1 only

B)

2 only

C)

Both 1 and 2

D)

Neither 1 nor 2

View Solution

47)

1. Altitude above sea level

2. Moisture in the air

3. Rotation of the earth

4. Climatology 1.73

A)

1 and 2

B)

1, 2 and 3

C)

1, 2, 3 and 4

D)

2, 3 and 4

View Solution

48)

Mark the correct order of pressure belts from equator to poles.

A)

Equatorial low, Sub-Polar low, Polar High, Sub-Tropical High

B)

Sub-Tropical High, Polar High, Sub-Polar low, Equatorial low

C)

Sub-Polar low, Polar High, Sub-Tropical High, Equatorial low

D)

Equatorial low, Sub-Tropical High, Sub- Polar, Polar High

View Solution

49)

Perpendicular rays from the sun are usually hotter than the oblique rays because:

I. They have to travel through smaller thickness of the atmosphere.

II. They have to heat lesser area on the earth's surface.

A)

Only 1 is correct

B)

Only II is correct

C)

Both I and II are correct

D)

Neither I nor II is correct.

View Solution

50)

Equatorial low pressure belt is called' doldrums' because

List I	List II
A. Doldrums??????	1. Equatorial
B. Horse Latitudes	2. Polar High
C. Frigid Zone????	3. Sub-tropical high
D. Torrid Zone????	4. Tropics within Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn

A)

A - 1, B - 2, C - 3, D - 4

B)

A - 1, B - 3, C - 2, D - 4

C)

A - 2, B - 3, C - 1, D - 4

D)

A - 3, B - 1, C - 1, D - 2

View Solution

51)

A)

There is extremely low atmospheric pressure

B)

It is an area of strong horizontal winds

C)

There is no horizontal wind and only vertical currents are found

D)

Humidity in the air is very high

View Solution

52)

Which among the following factors are the causes of low atmospheric pressure in the equatorial regions?

1. High temperature

2. High water vapour content in the air

3. Maximum centrifugal force on the equator

4. Convergence of air from the subtropical high pressure belts

A)

1, 2 and 3 only

B)

2, 3 and 4 only

C)

1, 3 and 4 only

D)

1, 2, 3 and 4

View Solution

53)

Which of the following statements is/are issues regarding the equatorial low pressure belt?

1. There is very little flow of air

2. The air continuously descends

3. The Inter-tropical convergence Zone (ITZ) formed by the converging winds maintains its position at the equator throughout the year.

4. The converging air is dry.

A)

1 and 4 only

B)

2 and 3 only

C)

1 and 2 only

D)

3 and 4 only

View Solution

54)

The combined effect of pressure gradient force and Coriolis force on the air current is known as

A)

Frictional force??

B)

Geostrophic force

C)

Deflection force

D)

Centripetal force

View Solution

55)

Match list 1 with list II and select the correct answer using the following code.

List I (Pressure cells)	List II (Avg Temperature/ moisture)
A. Equatorial low pressure trough	1. Cold/dry
B. Sub-Tropical high pressure cells	2. Cool/wet
C. Sub-polar low pressure cells	3. Warm/dry
D. Polar high pressure cells	4. Hot/wet

A)

A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4

B)

A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4

C)

A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1

D)

A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2

View Solution

56)

Consider the following statements regarding Jet streams

1. They are also called Ross by waves.

2. They are usually found near tropo pause.

3. They travel from west to east in the northern hemisphere and from east to west in the southern hemisphere

4. They travel at very high velocity

5. They are usually sinuous in character

Which of the following is not correct with respect to Jet Streams??????????????????????

A)

1, 2, 3 and 4 only

B)

1, 2, 3 and 5 only

C)

1, 2 and 4 only

D)

1, 2, 4 and 5 only

View Solution

57)

A)

Jet streams are strong winds with normal speed of 100 to 300 km/hr

B)

Discovery of the Jet Streams was made by American airplanes during the World War I

C)

Jet streams shift pole wards during summer and equator wards during winter season.

D)

Velocity of the Jet stream in winter is almost twice the velocity the summer.

View Solution

58)

Which of the following is/are correctly matched?

1. Doldrum??????????	Equatorial low pressure belt
2. Horse Latitudes?	Sub-polar low pressure belt
3.? Torrid zone????	Sub-tropical high pressure belt

A)

1 only

B)

1 and 2 only

C)

2 and 3 only

D)

1, 2 and 3

View Solution

59)

Velocity of winds is governed by

A)

Atmospheric pressure

B)

Atmospheric moisture

C)

Pressure gradient

D)

Insolation

View Solution

60)

What causes high pressure in the sub-tropical zone?

A)

Low temperature

B)

Divergence of air

C)

Convergence of air

D)

Descending of air

View Solution

61)

Coriolis Effect is produced by

A)

Pressure distribution

B)

Pressure gradient

C)

Revolution of the earth

D)

Rotation of the earth

View Solution

62)

? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Trade winds blow between

A)

Sub-tropical high and equatorial low

B)

Equatorial low and sub-tropical high

C)

Sub-tropical high and sub-polar low

D)

Sub-polar low and sub-tropical high

View Solution

63)

Which of the following statements are true regarding trade winds?

1. They constantly blow from tropical high pressure belt to equatorial low pressure belt.

2. They derive their name from the trade which was carried on with help of these winds in the medieval period.

3. They bring lot of rainfall to the equatorial low pressure belt.

4. They are deflected from their path due to the earth's rotation.

A)

1 and 2 only

B)

2 and 3 only

C)

2 and 4 only

D)

1 and 4 only

View Solution

64)

Consider the following statements regarding ITCZ.

I. It is a low pressure area near the equator.

II. It is at the convergence of NE and SE trade winds.

III. It shifts its position to the north of equator in the summer and to the south of equator in the winter season.

A)

I is true

B)

II, III are true

C)

I, II, III are true

D)

I, III are true

View Solution

65)

Farrel's law explains

A)

Pressure belts

B)

Velocity of wind

C)

Direction of winds

D)

Deflection of winds

View Solution

66)

Which of the following statements is not true regarding Westerly?s?

A)

They blow from sub-tropical high pressure belts to sub-polar low pressure belts.

B)

They cause heavy rainfall on the eastern margins of the continents.

C)

They are deflected due to the earth's rotation.

D)

They are best developed between \[{{40}^{o}}\] and \[{{65}^{o}}\] south latitudes.

View Solution

67)

1. Effectiveness of Coriolis force decreases from equator towards the poles

2. Moist air is heavier than dry air.

With which of the following pressure belts the horse latitudes are associated?

A)

1 only

B)

2 only

C)

Both 1 and 2

D)

Neither 1 nor 2

View Solution

68)

A)

Equatorial low pressure

B)

Sub-tropical high pressure

C)

Sub-polar low pressure

D)

Polar high pressure

View Solution

69)

Which one of the following is considered as an interruption of the planetary wind system?

A)

Trade winds

B)

Western winds

C)

Monsoon winds

D)

Polar winds

View Solution

70)

Which of the following are not periodic winds?

A)

Monsoon winds

B)

Land and Sea Breezes

C)

Mountain and valley Breezes

D)

Trade winds

View Solution

71)

The maximum velocity of the westerly?s is observed over

A)

Continents of the Northern Hemisphere

B)

Oceans of the Northern Hemisphere

C)

Continents of the Southern Hemisphere

D)

Oceans of the Southern Hemisphere

View Solution

72)

Consider the following statements about the 'Roaring Forties'

1. They blow uninterrupted in the Northern and Southern Hemisphere.

2. They blow with great strength and constancy.

3. Their direction is generally from north- west to south-east in the southern hemisphere

4. Overcast skies, rain and raw weather are generally associated with them.

Westerlies in southern hemisphere are stronger and persistent than in northern hemisphere. Why?

A)

1, 2 and 3 only

B)

2, 3 and 4 only

C)

1, 3 and 4 only

D)

1, 2 and 4 only

View Solution

73)

1. Southern hemisphere has less landmass as compared to northern hemisphere.

2. Coriolis force is higher in southern hemisphere as compared to northern hemisphere.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A)

1 only

B)

2 only

C)

Both 1 and 2

D)

Neither 1 nor 2

View Solution

74)

Which one of the following weather conditions is indicated by a sudden fall in barometer reading?

A)

Stormy

B)

Cloudy and dry

C)

Calm

D)

Hot and sunny

View Solution

75)

Sun's halo is produced by refraction of light in:

A)

Water vapour in stratus clouds

B)

Ice crystals in cirrocumulus clouds

C)

Ice crystals in cirrus clouds

D)

Dust particles in stratus clouds

View Solution

76)

Which of the following areas are not influenced by the monsoon winds?

A)

India and Pakistan

B)

Bangladesh and Myanmar

C)

Indonesia and Philippines

D)

Brazil and Bolivia

View Solution

77)

Which of the following pairs is/are not correctly matched?

List I (Theory of monsoon winds)	List II (Scholar)
1. Classical Theory???	1. Edmund Hally
2. Air Mass Theory????	2. M.T. Yin
3. Jet Stream Theory??	3. H. Flohn

A)

1 only

B)

1 and 2 only

C)

2 and 3 only

D)

1, 2 and 3

View Solution

78)

For short-term climatic predictions, which one of the following events is associated with occasional weak monsoon rains in the Indian sub-continent?

A)

La Nina

B)

Movement of Jet Stream

C)

El Nino and Southern oscillations

D)

Greenhouse effect on global level

View Solution

79)

Which of the following is not the characteristic feature of the monsoon winds?

A)

There is complete reversal of direction of wind flow according to season.

B)

Affects most parts of south-east Asia

C)

Rainfall is seasonal

D)

Not affected by El-Nino

View Solution

80)

La Nina is suspected to have caused recent floods in Australia. How is La Nina different from El Nino?

1. La Nina is characterized by unusually cold ocean temperature in equatorial Indian Ocean whereas El Nino is characterized by unusually warm ocean temperature in the equatorial Pacific Ocean.

2. El Nino has adverse effect on monsoon climate

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A)

1 only

B)

2 only

C)

Both 1 and 2

D)

Neither 1 nor 2

View Solution

81)

A new type of El Nino called El Nino Modoki has been noticed. In this context, consider the following statements:

1. Normal El Nino forms in the Central Pacific Ocean whereas El Nino Modoki forms in Eastern Pacific ocean.

2. Normal El Nino results in diminished hurricanes in the Atlantic Ocean but El Nino Modoki results in a greater number of hurricanes with greater frequency.

Correct statements:

A)

1 only

B)

2 only

C)

both 1 and 2

D)

Neither 1 nor 2

View Solution

82)

Assertion (A): Wind patterns are clockwise in the northern hemisphere and anti-clockwise in the southern hemisphere.

Reason (R): The directions of wind pattern in the northern and the southern hemisphere are governed by the Coriolis Effect.

A)

Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

B)

Both A and R are correct but R is not a correct explanation of A

C)

A is true but R is false

D)

A is false but R is true

View Solution

83)

Consider the following statements regarding land and sea breezes and select the correct answer using the code given below:

1. They are more pronounced in the tropical zone

2. Sea breezes are more effective at night time

3. The effect of land and sea breezes decreases with latitude

4. Land breeze has smaller seaward penetration than the landward penetration of sea breeze.

A)

1, 2 and 3

B)

2, 3 and 4

C)

1, 2 and 4

D)

1, 3 and 4

View Solution

84)

Strong land and sea breezes can be observed in the:

A)

Mediterranean Sea

B)

Baltic Sea

C)

Bering Sea

D)

Caribbean Sea

View Solution

85)

1. Speed of the valley breeze is approximately proportional to the square root of the temperature differences between the top and bottom of the valley

2. Mountain breezes generally cause inversion of temperature in the valley

Which of the following statements is not correct in connection with monsoon winds?

A)

1 only

B)

2 only

C)

Both 1 and 2

D)

Neither 1 nor 2

View Solution

86)

A)

Edmond Halley attributed the origin of monsoon winds to differential heating of land and sea.

B)

Flohn considered monsoon as a modification of planetary winds of the tropics.

C)

El Nino adversely affects the monsoon winds.

D)

La Nina has no effect on the monsoon winds.

View Solution

87)

Under which wind system does the direction of winds changes daily?

A)

Trade winds and monsoon winds.

B)

Monsoon winds and land and sea breezes.

C)

Land and sea breezes and mountain and valley breezes.

D)

Mountain and valley breezes and trade winds.

View Solution

88)

Monsoons are best developed in

A)

Only I

B)

I and II only

C)

I, II, III only

D)

I, II, III, IV

View Solution

89)

Which one of the following is not correctly matched?

A)

Local wind????????	Area
?Bora?????????? ??????	Adriatic coast

B)

Local wind????????	Area
Mistral??????????????	Southern France

C)

Local wind????????	Area
?Berg?????????????????	Spain

D)

Local wind????????	Area
?Khamsin??????????	Egypt

View Solution

90)

Which of the following winds relieves the people of Gulf of Guinea from oppressive hot and humid weather and is termed as 'doctor' by them?

A)

Harmattan??????

B)

Sirocco

C)

Khamsin

D)

Brickfielder

View Solution

91)

Which of the following are true characteristic of Chinooks?

I. They blow down the eastern slopes of Rockies in U.S.A. and Canada after crossing these mountain ranges.

II. They are known as snow eaters in the Great Plain of North America.

III. They cause heavy destruction to crops and grasslands in the areas affected by them.

A)

Only I is true

B)

I and II are true

C)

I, II, III are true

D)

II and III are true

View Solution

92)

List I	List II
A. Foehn???????	1. Leeward side of the Alps
B. Chinook????	2. Rockies of North America
C. Mistral??????	3. Rhone Valley
D. Brickfielder?	4. Australia

A)

A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3

B)

A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4

C)

A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2

D)

A-4, B-2, C-3, D-1

View Solution

93)

List I (Local wind)	List II (Country/Region)
A. Getii???????????	1. Tarim Basin
B. Kharaburan?????	2. Libya
C. Harmettan??????	3.? Adriatic sea
D. Bora???????????	4.? Sahara

A)

A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3

B)

A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4

C)

A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2

D)

A-4, B-2, C-3, D-1

View Solution

94)

Norwester is experienced in

List I (Wind)	List II (Characteristics)
A. Chinook???	1. Snow eater
B. Khamsin???	2. Wind of fifty days
C. Sirocco?????	3.? Cause 'blood rain' in Italy
D. Harmattan??	4. Known as doctor in? Guinea

A)

A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4

B)

A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1

C)

A-3, B-2, C-4, D-1

D)

A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3

View Solution

95)

A)

Australia and New Zealand

B)

India and New Zealand

C)

Brazil and Argentina

D)

China and Japan

View Solution

96)

Local wind blowing north of Adriatic coast region is known as

A)

Bora

B)

Blizzard

C)

Brickfield

D)

Mistral

View Solution

97)

Which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched?

A)

Local wind	Area
?Bora	Adriatic coast

B)

Local wind	Area
?Mistral??????????????	Southern France

C)

Local wind????????	Area
?Nevados??????????	Spain

D)

Local wind????????	Area
?Khamsin???????	Egypt

View Solution

98)

Which one of the following is not correctly matched?

A)

Local wind???	Area
?Maestro??????????	Central Mediterranean region

B)

Local wind	Area
?Pampero	Argentina and Uruguay

C)

Local wind	Area
?Leveche???????	Spain

D)

Local wind???	Area
?Haboob???????	Saudi Arabia

View Solution

99)

Match list I with list II and select the correct answer using the code given below:

List I??????????????	List II
(Local wind)???????	(Region)
A. Fohn???????????	1. Argentina
B. Sarmun????????	2. Kurdistan
C. Santa Ana??????	3. California
D. Zonda?????????	4. Alps

A)

A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3

B)

A-4, B-2, C-3, D-1

C)

A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1

D)

A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3

View Solution

100)

1. Wind speed is influenced by the topographical features.

2. The effect of surface friction extends to a height of about 500m (1650 ft)

3. Rougher surfaces produce more friction.

4. Wind speed changes according to pressure gradient.

Which of the following statements is not correct?

A)

1 and 2only

B)

1, 2 and 3 only

C)

1, 2, 3 and 4

D)

2, 3 and 4 only

View Solution

101)

A)

Chinook is a blessing to Great Plain of North America as it raises temperature swiftly and considerably.

B)

Fohn blows over Alps of Poland.

C)

Nevodos blows from Andean snow fields to high valleys of Ecuador.

D)

Shamal is a dry dust laden wind blowing across the plains of Iraq in Tigris-Euphrates basin.

View Solution

102)

\[\frac{\text{Amount}\,\text{of}\,\text{water}\,\text{vapour}\,\text{actually}\,\text{present}\,\text{in}\,\text{the}\,\text{air}}{\text{Amount}\,\text{of}\,\text{water}\,\text{vapour}\,\text{required}\,\text{to}\,\text{saturate}\,\text{the}\,\text{air}}\text{ }\!\!\times\!\!\text{ 100}\] The above equation represents the

A)

Evaporation depends upon temperature and dryness of the air.

B)

Clouds favour evaporation and increase the amount of evaporation.

C)

Maximum water vapour in the air is found over the equator.

D)

Evaporation taking place from vegetation is known as transpiration. Which of the above statements as wrong?

View Solution

103)

A)

Absolute Humidity

B)

Specific Humidity

C)

Relative Humidity

D)

Optimum Humidity

View Solution

104)

Relative humidity is the ratio of the

A)

Amount of water vapour actually present in the air at a particular temperature to the amount of water vapour required to saturate the same air at the same temperature. Climatology 1.79

B)

Amount of water vapour actually present in the air to the maximum water vapour which can be held in the same water at the same temperature.

C)

Weight of moist air to that of dry air.

D)

Volume of moisture to weight of moist air at the same temperature.

View Solution

105)

Relative humidity can be increased by

1. Increasing the moisture without increasing the temperature.

2. Increasing the temperature without increasing the moisture.

3. Decreasing the temperature without increasing the moisture.

4. Decreasing the moisture without decreasing the temperature.

A)

1 and 2

B)

1 and 3

C)

2 and 3

D)

3 and 4

View Solution

106)

1. Absolute humidity is expressed in terms of grams of moisture per kilogram of air.

2. Specific humidity is expressed as grams of moisture per cubic metric of air.

3. Relative humidity has no unit and is expressed in terms of percentages.

A)

Only 1 is correct

B)

Only 2 is correct

C)

Only 3 is correct

D)

1, 2 and 3 are correct

View Solution

107)

1. Absolute humidity is the total weight of moisture contained per volume of air at a defined temperature.

2. Specific humidity is the mass of water vapour in grams contained in one kg of air.

3. Relative humidity is the ratio of water vapour actually present in the air having definite volume and temperature to the maximum amount the air can hold.

4. Humidity capacity is the moisture content of air measure in gm/cc.

A)

1 and 2 only

B)

2 and 3 only

C)

1, 2 and 3 only

D)

1, 2, 3 and 4

View Solution

108)

Dew point is the temperature at which

A)

Condensation starts

B)

Dew starts evaporating

C)

Water starts freezing

D)

Water vapours in the air are frozen

View Solution

109)

Condensation starts when

A)

Temperature of the air falls below dew point.

B)

Temperature of the air falls below freezing point.

C)

Additional moisture is added to air.

D)

Volume of air is increased without any addition of heat. Which of the above statements is wrong?

View Solution

110)

Which of the following factors does not favour dew?

A)

Long nights

B)

Calm air

C)

Overcast sky

D)

High relative humidity

View Solution

111)

For formation of frost, there should be

1. Clear sky

2. Calm air

3. Low relative humidity

4. Temperature below freezing point

A)

1, 2 and 3

B)

1, 2 and 4

C)

2, 3 and 4

D)

1, 3 and 4

View Solution

112)

A)

Fog is a sort of cloud with its base near or at the ground.

B)

Fog is generally formed during winter nights.

C)

It disappears after sun rise.

D)

Fog contains more moisture than mist. Which of the above statements is wrong?

View Solution

113)

I. Smog is a mixture of fog and smoke.

II. It appears over urban and industrial areas.

A)

I is correct

B)

I is correct

C)

I and II are correct

D)

Neither I nor II is correct

View Solution

114)

The cloud formed near the ground is known as

A)

Stratus

B)

Altostratus

C)

Cirrus

D)

Altocumulus

View Solution

115)

Which type of clouds does not indicate fair weather?

A)

Cumulus

B)

Cumulonimbus

C)

Cirrus

D)

Altocumulus

View Solution

116)

The term precipitation stands for:

List I (Clouds)	List II (Possible weather changes)
A. Altostratus?????	1. Impending rain or snow
B. Cumulus??????	2. Fair weather
C. Stratocumulus??	3. Possibility of rain
D. Cirrus?????????	4. Showery weather

A)

A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4

B)

A-1, B-4, C-3, D-2

C)

A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1

D)

A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4

View Solution

117)

A)

Conversion of water vapour into rain.

B)

Conversion of water vapour into rain and snow.

C)

Conversion of water vapour into rain, snow and fog.

D)

Fall of water vapour on the ground in any form of liquid and solid.

View Solution

118)

Identify the correct sequence of the given process regarding rainfall

A)

Unsaturated air, condensation, dew point, precipitation

B)

Condensation, dew point, saturated air, precipitation

C)

Unsaturated air, condensation, saturated air, dew point, precipitation

D)

Unsaturated air, dew point, condensation, precipitation

View Solution

119)

1. Air is saturated when the relative humidity is 100 percent

2. Air is saturated when dew point is reached

3. Air is saturated when freezing point is reached

The term 'adiabatic change of temperature' stands for

A)

1 and 2 only

B)

2 and 3 only

C)

1 and 3 only

D)

1, 2 and 3

View Solution

120)

1. Heating or cooling of descending or ascending air respectively without any change in heat content.

2. Rise in temperature of the air after injecting heat in the air.

3. Fall in temperature of the air after heat is taken out of air.

Which of the following is/are not the features of convectional rainfall?

A)

1 only

B)

1 and 2 only

C)

2 and 3 only

D)

1, 2 and 3

View Solution

121)

A)

It occurs daily in the afternoon in the equatorial region

B)

It is of a short duration and stops before sunset

C)

It occurs in the form of heavy showers

D)

It makes cirrostratus clouds.

View Solution

122)

Which of the following is not the feature of orographic rainfall?

A)

It requires a mountain barrier across the wind direction.

B)

Areas near the mountain slope receive the maximum rainfall.

C)

Windward slope gets maximum rainfall while leeward slope gets minimum rainfall.

D)

The windward slope is characterized by stratus clouds whereas leeward slopes are characterized by cumulus clouds.

View Solution

123)

Consider the following pairs and find out the correct pair.

List I	List II
1. Vertical circulation of air	Orographic rainfall
2. Mountain range coming in the way of moisture laden winds	Conventional rainfall
3. Warm moist air mass riding over cold dry air mass	Cyclonic rainfall

A)

1

B)

1 and 2

C)

2

D)

3

View Solution

124)

Match the following:

List I (Type of Rainfall)	List II (Area)
A. Convectional rainfall	1. Western Europe
B. Orographic rainfall ??	2. Western Ghats
C. Cyclonic rainfall of Western Ghats	3. Areas to the east
D. Rainshadow???????	4. Equatorial region

A)

A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4

B)

A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3

C)

A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4

D)

A-4 ,B-3, C-2, D-1

View Solution

125)

Cloudy nights are warmer compared to clear cloudless nights because clouds:

A)

Prevent cold waves from the sky from descending on earth.

B)

Reflect back the heat given off by earth

C)

Produce heat and radiate it towards earth

D)

Absorb heat from the atmosphere and send it towards earth.

View Solution

126)

Assertion (A): Areas near the equator receive rainfall throughout the year

Reason (R): High temperature and high humidity cause convectional rain in most afternoons near the equator.

In the context of the above statements, which one of the following is correct?

A)

Both A and R is true and R is the correct explanation of A

B)

Both A and R is true but R is not the correct explanation of A

C)

A is true but R is false

D)

A is false but R is true

View Solution

127)

1. In the middle latitudes, east coast regions receive more rainfall than their western counterparts.

2. Windward slopes of the hills receive abundant rainfall but leeward slopes are almost dry.

3. In the tropics, west coasts are wetter than east coasts.

4. Precipitation is abundant in middle latitudes.

Consider the following climatic and geographical phenomena.

A)

1 only

B)

2 only

C)

1 and 2 only

D)

3 and 4 only

View Solution

128)

1. Condensation

2. High temperature and humidity

3. Orography

4. Vertical wind

Thunder cloud development is due to which of these phenomena?

A)

1 and 2

B)

2, 3 and 4

C)

1, 3 and 4

D)

1, 2, 3 and 4

View Solution

129)

During a thunderstorm, the thunder in the sky in produced by

1. Meeting of cumulonimbus clouds in the sky

2. Lightning that separates the nimbus clouds

3. Violent upward movement of air and water particles

Select the correct answer using the codes given below

A)

1 only

B)

2 and 3

C)

1 and 3

D)

None of the above produces the thunder

View Solution

130)

Consider the following pairs

1. Equatorial region????	Rainfall throughout the year
2. Monsoon region?????	Rainfall mainly in summer season
3. Mediterranean region?	Rainfall mainly in winter season

Which of the above pairs is/are correctly matched?

A)

1 only

B)

2 only

C)

1 and 2 only

D)

1, 2 and 3

View Solution

131)

An air mass is

A)

Massive and thick

B)

Has homogeneous temperature and humidity

C)

Has specific source regions

D)

Moves rapidly from the source region Which of the above statements is not correct?

View Solution

132)

An air mass with temperature higher than the neighbouring air mass is known as

(1) Stable air mass

(2) Unstable air mass

(3) Warm air mass

(4) Cool air mass

A)

2 and 3

B)

1 and 2

C)

1 and 4

D)

3 and 4

View Solution

133)

Match list I with list II and find out the correct answer using code given below.

List I (Air mass)	List II (Property)
A. Maritime Polar??????	1. Cool dry
B. Continent Polar?????	2. Cool moist
C. Maritime Tropical???	3. Warm moist
D. Continental Tropical	4. Warm dry

A)

A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2

B)

A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4

C)

A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1

D)

A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3

View Solution

134)

1. Sloping boundary surface between contrasting air masses is called a front.

2. A warm front pushes the cold front above and the cold front loses contact with the ground.

A)

1 only

B)

2 only

C)

Both 1 and 2

D)

Neither 1 nor 2

View Solution

135)

1. A given air mass has homogeneity of temperature and humidity.

2. Air masses originate from particular regions known as source regions.

3. Air masses are influenced by the weather of area visited by them.

Consider the following statements concerning air masses.

A)

1 and 2 only

B)

2 and 3 only

C)

1 and 3 only

D)

1, 2 and 3

View Solution

136)

1. They originate from well-defined source regions and acquire their basic properties from these regions.

2. The properties of air masses remain the same even if they move from one region to another region.

Examine the following statements and select the correct answer using the codes given below:

A)

1 only

B)

2 only

C)

Both 1 and 2

D)

Neither 1 nor 2

View Solution

137)

1. A front is formed when air masses with different characteristics meet each other.

2. A front is a sharp boundary between two air masses.

3. A front formed between polar and tropical air masses is known as polar front.

A)

1 and 2

B)

2 and 3

C)

1 and 3

D)

1, 2 and 3

View Solution

138)

1. Cold front has a sleeper slope than warm front.

2. Weather along a warm front changes more quickly than along cold front.

Air masses of Siberia are

A)

1 only

B)

2 only

C)

Both 1 and 2

D)

Neither 1 nor 2

View Solution

139)

A)

Polar Maritime

B)

Polar Continental

C)

Tropical Maritime

D)

Tropical Continental

View Solution

140)

A cyclone is an area of

A)

Low pressure surrounded by high pressure on all sides.

B)

High pressure surrounded by low pressure on all sides.

C)

Subsidence of air.

D)

Divergence of air. Which of the above statements is correct?

View Solution

141)

The characteristics of a cyclone are

I. Low pressure

II. Convergent air

III. Change in wind direction due to Coriolis force

IV. Ascending air at the centre

A)

I and II

B)

I, II and III

C)

I, II and IV

D)

I, II, III and IV

View Solution

142)

Which of the following statements is not applicable to temperate cyclones?

A)

They originate in temperate lands.

B)

Their origin is best explained by the Polar Front Theory of Bjerknes.

C)

They are of smaller size than the tropical cyclones.

D)

Their arrival is indicated by rise in temperature and fall in atmospheric pressure.

View Solution

143)

1. A temperate cyclone is formed when a cold air mass meets a warm air mass.

2. Before the arrival of the temperate cyclone, the sun looks paler and there is lunar halo.

3. The arrival of a temperate cyclone is indicated by rise in temperature.

Which of the following areas is not visited by temperate cyclones?

A)

1 only

B)

2 only

C)

1 and 2 only

D)

1, 2 and 3

View Solution

144)

A)

North Atlantic Ocean

B)

North Pacific Ocean

C)

Mediterranean Sea

D)

Caribbean Sea

View Solution

145)

Which of the following is not the characteristic feature of temperate cyclones?

A)

Fogginess and poor visibility

B)

Unsettled weather

C)

Movement from west to east

D)

Torrential rainfall

View Solution

146)

1. In a temperate cyclone, warm air sector is surrounded by cold air sector.

2. A fully grown temperate cyclone is circular in slope.

Examine the following statements and select the correct answer using the codes given below:

A)

1 only

B)

2 only

C)

Both 1 and 2

D)

Neither 1 nor 3

View Solution

147)

1. Most of the tropical cyclones are circular in shape.

2. Most of the tropical cyclones originate on the western margins of the oceans.

3.? The release of latent heat helps in the rotation of tropical cyclone.

4. The highest velocity of winds is observed in the eye of the cyclone'.

A)

1, 2 and 3 only

B)

2, 3 and 4 only

C)

1, 2 and 4 only

D)

1, 2, 3 and 4

View Solution

148)

The tropical cyclones do not originate in the South Atlantic Ocean because:

A)

The summer temperature never exceeds \[{{25}^{o}}C\] between \[{{10}^{o}}\] and \[{{20}^{o}}S\] latitude.

B)

The Coriolis Effect is weak.

C)

There develops a high pressure area-on the western side of the South Atlantic.

D)

The width of the ocean is not adequate enough for the development of cyclones.

View Solution

149)

Which of the following conditions is not necessary for the formation of a tropical cyclone?

A)

Large sea surface with temperature more than \[{{27}^{o}}C\].

B)

Pressure of coriol is force.

C)

A pre-existing low pressure area.

D)

Upper convergence above the sea level system.

View Solution

150)

Which of the following are rightly matched?

List I	List II
A. Hurricanes??????	1.? Coast of Florida
B. Typhoons???????	2.? Australia
C. Willy-willies????	3.? China
D. Tornadoes??????	4.? U.S.A.

A)

1 and 2 only

B)

2 and 3 only

C)

3 and 4 only

D)

1 and 4 only

View Solution

151)

Willy is a:

A)

Type of tree grown in temperate regions.

B)

Wind that blows in a desert.

C)

Tropical cyclone of north-west Australia.

D)

Kind of common fish found near Lakshadweep islands.

View Solution

152)

1. Tropical cyclones which hit the Florida coast are known as hurricanes.

2. Hurricanes cause large scale destruction in the area influenced by them.

3. Hurricanes contribute to the precipitation of the respective area.

4. Hurricanes flush out the pollutants from the water bodies.

Consider the following statements.

A)

1, 2 and 3 only

B)

2, 3 and 4 only

C)

1, 2, 3 and 4

D)

1, 3 and 4 only

View Solution

153)

1. A tornado is a strong wind system fanned around an intensely low pressure system.

2. A tornado has a large diameter and is very destructive

Which of the following is true of an anticyclone in the northern hemisphere?

A)

1 only

B)

2 only

C)

Both 1 and 2

D)

Neither 1 nor 2

View Solution

154)

A)

High pressure area surrounded by low pressure area.

B)

Circular movement of air from centre to peripherals.

C)

Direction of air is anticyclone.

D)

They are mainly formed over the continents.

View Solution

155)

Assertion (A): Anti cyclonic conditions are found in winter season when atmospheric pressure is high and air temperatures are low.

Reason (R): Winter rainfall in northern India causes development of anti-cyclonic conditions with low temperatures.

A)

Both A and R is true and R is the correct explanation of A

B)

Both A and R is true but R is not a correct explanation of A

C)

A is true but R is false.

D)

A is false but R is true.

View Solution

156)

Consider the following climatic conditions (northern hemisphere)

Month	Temperature \[{{\mathbf{(}}^{\mathbf{o}}}\mathbf{C)}\]	Rainfall (cm)
January	3.9	4.7
February	4.4	5.7
March	8.3	8.2
April	14.4	9.2
May	20.0	9.2
June	23.3	17.7
July	27.8	14:5
August	27.8	14.0
September	22.3	12.7
October	18.3	7.0
November	12.2	5.0
December	6.7	3.5

These are most likely to be found in the natural region of

A)

China type

B)

Equatorial type

C)

Hot desert type

D)

Monsoon type

View Solution

157)

Consider the following temperature and rainfall data

Month	Temperature \[{{(}^{\mathbf{o}}}\mathbf{C})\]	Rainfall (cm)
January	6.7	14.0
February	6.7	13.2
March	7.2	11.4
April	8.9	9.4
May	11.1	8.1
June	13.9	8.1
July	15.0	9.6
August	15.0	12.2
September	13.9	10.4
October	11.1	14.4
November	8.9	14.0
December	7.8	16.8

The climate to which this data pertains is

A)

St Lawrence type

B)

China type

C)

West European type

D)

Mediterranean type

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158)

1. In equatorial regions the year is divided into four main seasons.

2. In Mediterranean region, summers receive more rainfall.

3. In China type climate, rainfall occurs throughout the year.

4. Tropical highlands exhibit vertical zonation of different climates.

Which of these statements are correct?

A)

1, 2, 3 and 4

B)

1, 2 and 3 only

C)

1, 2 and 4 only

D)

3 and 4 only

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159)

1. Koppen believed that vegetation of an area is the best expression of totality of a climate.

2. Koppen's classification is based on the precipitation.

Which one of the following set of capital letters was used by Koppen in his classification of world climates?

A)

1 only

B)

2 only

C)

Both 1 and 2

D)

Neither 1 nor 2

View Solution

160)

A)

A, B, C, D. E, F

B)

A, B, C, E, H

C)

A, B, C, E, H, W, T

D)

A, B, C, D, E, H, S, W, T

View Solution

161)

1. In Koppen's classification of world climates, 'B' climate is based on precipitation while 'A' climate is based on rainfall.

2. 'C' climate has temperature above \[{{18}^{o}}C\] throughout the year.