Answer:
The two pioneers who have contributed to the development of humanistic perspective on personality are: Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow (i) Rogers proposed the idea of fully functioning person, He believes that fulfilment is the motivating force for personality development. (ii) Rogers makes two assumptions about human behaviour. One is behaviour is goal-directed and worthwhile. The second is that people will -almost always choose adaptive, self-actualising behaviour. (iii) Rogers suggests that each person also has a concept of ideal self. An Ideal self is that self the person would like to be. When there is correspondence between the real self and ideal self, a person is generally well-adjusted and happy. Discrepancy results in dissatisfaction and unhappiness. (iv) Rogers view personality development as a continuous process. It involves learning to evaluate oneself and mastering the process of self-actualization. (v) The client-centered therapy that rogers developed attempts to create an atmosphere of unconditional positive regard in order to ensure enhancement of people?s self-concept. (vi) Abraham Maslow proposed the hierarchy of needs of motivation. The hierarchy begins with the basic needs - biological, security and belongingness needs (survival needs). After the fulfilment of survival needs, a person begins with the pursuit of growth needs self-esteem and self-actualization. (vii) Self-actualization is the state in which people have reached their own fullest potential. It becomes possible by analyzing the motivations that govern our life. The humanistic approach indicates that a healthy person is the one who involves a quest to know oneself deeply and to be true to one?s own feelings without disguise and to be on self here and now. They are aware of themselves, their feelings and their limits.
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