done 12th Biology Human Reproduction

• question_answer1)
  Fill in the blanks : (a) Humans reproduce ____ (asexually/sexually). (b) Humans are____(oviparous, viviparous, ovoviviparous). (c) Fertilization is ____ in humans (external/internal). (d) Male and female gametes are ____(diploid/haploid). (e) Zygote is ____ (diploid/haploid). (f) The process of release of ovum from mature follicle is called ____. (g) Ovulation is induced by a hormone called (h) The fusion of male and female gametes is called ____. (i) Fertilization takes place in ____. (j) Zygote divides to form ____ which is implanted in uterus. (k) The structure which provides vascular connection between foetus and uterus is called ____.  
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• question_answer2)
  Draw a labelled diagram of male reproductive system.
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• question_answer3)
  Draw a labelled diagram of female reproductive system.
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• question_answer4)
  Write two major functions of each of testis and ovary.
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• question_answer5)
  Describe structure of a seminiferous tubule.
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• question_answer6)
  What is spermatogenesis? Briefly describe the process of spermatogenesis.
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• question_answer7)
  Name the hormones involved in regulation of spermatogenesis.
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• question_answer8)
  Define spermiogenesis and spermiation.
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• question_answer9)
  Draw a labelled diagram of sperm.
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• question_answer10)
  What are major components of seminal plasma?
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• question_answer11)
  What is oogenesis? Give a brief account of oogenesis.
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• question_answer12)
  What are the major functions of male accessory ducts and glands?
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• question_answer13)
  Draw a labelled diagram of section through ovary.
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• question_answer14)
  Draw a labelled diagram of Graafian follicle.
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• question_answer15)
  Write functions of the following: (a) Corpus luteum;          (b) Endometrium; (c) Acrosome;                    (d) Sperm tail;   (e) Fimbriae.    
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• question_answer16)
  Identify True/False statements. Correct each false statement to make it true. (a) Androgens are produced by Sertoli cells. (b) Spermatozoa get nutrition from Sertoli cells. (c) Leydig cells are found in ovary. (d) Leydig cells synthesize androgens; (e) Oogenesis takes place in corpus luteum. (f) Menstrual cycle ceases during pregnancy. (g) Presence or absence of hymen is not a reliable indicator of virginity or sexual experience.
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• question_answer17)
  What is menstrual cycle? Which hormones regulate menstrual cycle?    
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• question_answer18)
  What is parturition? Which hormones are involved in induction of parturition?  
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• question_answer19)
  In our society the women are often blamed for giving birth to daughters. Can you explain why this is not correct?
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• question_answer20)
  How many eggs are released by a human ovary in a month? How many eggs do you think would have been released if the mother gave birth to identical twins? Would your answer change if the twins born were fraternal?
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• question_answer21)
  How many eggs do you think were released by the ovary of a female dog which gave birth to 6 puppies?
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• question_answer22)     Choose the incorrect statement from the following (a) in birds and mammals internal fertilization takes place (b)colostrum contains antibodies and nutrients (c) polyspermy is prevented by the chemical changes in the egg surface (d) in the human female implantation occurs almost seven clays after fertilization

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• question_answer23)   Identify the wrong statement from the following. (a) High level of estrogen triggers the ovulatory surge. (b) Oogonial cells start to proliferate and give rise to functional ova in regular cycle puberty onwards. (c) Sperms released from seminiferous tubules are poorly motile/non-motile. (d) progesterone level is high during the post ovulatory phase of menstrual cycle.

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• question_answer24)   Spot the odd one out from the following structures with reference to themale reproductive system (a) Rete testis                    (b) Epididymis                   (c) Vasa efferentia          (d) Isthmus

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• question_answer25)   Seminal plasma, the fluid part of semen, is contributed by I. Seminal vesicle    II. Prostate III. Urethra                       IV. Bulbourethral gland (a) I and II                            (b) I, II and IV                     (c) II, III and IV                   (d) I an IV

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• question_answer26)   Spermiation is the process of the release of sperms from (a) seminiferous tubules                                              (b) vas deferens (c) epididymis                                                    (d) prostate gland

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• question_answer27)   Mature Graafian follicle is generally present in the ovary of a healthy human female around (a) 5-8 day of menstrual cycle                                     (b) 11-17 day of menstrual cycle (c) 18-23 day of menstrual cycle                                (d) 24-28 day of menstrual cycle

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• question_answer28)   Acrosomal reaction of the sperm occurs due to (a) its contact with zona pellucida of the ova (b) reactions within the uterine environment of the female (c) reactions within the epididymal environment of the male (d) androgens produced in the uterus

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• question_answer29)   Which one of the following is not a male accessory gland? (a) Seminal vesicle           (b) Ampulla        (c) Prostate                        (d) Bulbourethral gland

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• question_answer30)   The immature male germ cell undergoes division to produce sperms by the process of spermatogenesis. Choose the correct one with reference to above. (a) Spermatogonia have 46 chromosomes and always undergo meiotic cell division (b)Primary spermatocytes divide by mitotic cell division (c)Secondary spermatocytes have 23 chromosomes and undergo second meiotic division (d) Spermatozoa are transformed into spermatids

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• question_answer31)   Match between the following representing parts of the sperm and their functions and choose the correct option.  

  Column I	Column II
  A. Head B. Middle piece C. Acrosome D. Tall	1. Enzymes 2. Sperms motility 3. Energy 4. Genetics material

  Codes A             B             C             D (a)          2              4              1              3 (b)          4              3              1              2 (c)           4              1              2              3 (d)          2              1              3              4

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• question_answer32)   Which among the following has 23chromosomes? (a) Spermatogonia          (b) Zygote                           (c) Secondary oocyte     (d) Oogonia

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• question_answer33)   Match the following and choose the correct options.

  Column I	Column II
  A. Trophoblast     B. Cleavage     C. Inner cell mass     D. Implantation	1. Embedding of blastocyst In the endometrium   2. Group of cell that would differentiate as embryo   3. outer layer of blastocyst attached to the endometrium   4. Mitotic division of zygote

  Codes A             B             C             D (a)          2              1              3              4 (b)          3              4              2              1 (c)           3              1              2              4 (d)          2              4              3              1

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• question_answer34)   Which of the following hormones is not secreted by human placenta? (a) hCG                                 (b) Estrogens                     (c) Progesterone             (d) LH

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• question_answer35)   The vas deferens receives duct from the seminal vesicle and opens into urethra as (a) epididymis   (b) ejaculatory duct        (c) efferent ductule        (d) ureter

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• question_answer36)   Urethral meatus refers to the (a) urinogenital duct                                                       (b) opening of vas deferens into urethra (c) external opening of the urinogenital duct      (d) muscles surrounding the urinogenital duct

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• question_answer37)   Morula is a developmental stage (a) between the zygote and blastocyst                  (b) between the blastocyst and gastrula (c) after the implantation                                             (d) between implantation and parturition

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• question_answer38)   The membranous cover of the ovum at ovulation is (a) corona radiata            (b) zona radiata                                (c) zona pellucida             (d) chorion

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• question_answer39)   Identify the odd one from the following (a) labia minora                 (b) fimbriae                        (c) infundibulum              (d) isthmus

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• question_answer40)   Given below are the events in human reproduction. Write them in correctsequential order. Insemination, gemetogenesis, fertilization, parturition, gestation,implanation.

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• question_answer41)   The path of sperm transport is given below. Provide the missing steps inblank boxes.              

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• question_answer42)   What is the role of cervix in the human female reproductive system?

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• question_answer43)     Why are menstrual cycles absent during pregnancy?

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• question_answer44)   Female reproductive organs and associated functions are given below in column I and II. Fill the blank blanks.  

  Column I	Column II
  Ovaries Oviduct B Vagina	Ovulation A Pregnancy Birth

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• question_answer45)   From where the parturition signals arise-mother or foetus? Mention the main hormone involved in parturition.

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• question_answer46)   What is the significance of epididymis in male fertility?

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• question_answer47)   Give the names and functions of the hormones involved in the process of spermatogenesis. Write the names of the endocrine glands from where they are released.

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• question_answer48)     The mother germ cells are transformed into a mature follicle through series of steps. Provide the missing steps in the blank boxes.              

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• question_answer49)       During reproduction, the chromosome number (2n) reduces to half (n) in the gametes and again the original number (2n) is restored in the offspring. What are the processes through which these events take place?

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• question_answer50)   What is the difference between a primary oocyte and a secondary oocyte?

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• question_answer51)   What is the significance of ampullary- isthmic junction in the female reproductive tract?

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• question_answer52)   How does zona pellucida of ovum help in preventing polyspermy?

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• question_answer53)   Mention the importance of LH surge during menstrual cycle.

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• question_answer54)   Which type of cell division forms spermatids from the secondary spermatocytes?

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• question_answer55)     A human female experiences two major changes, menarche and menopause during her life. Mention the significance of both the events.

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• question_answer56)   (a) How many spermatozoa are formed from one secondary spermatocyte? (b) Where does the first cleavage division of zygote take place?

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• question_answer57)   Corpus luteum in pregnancy has a long life. However, if fertilization does not take place, it remains active only for 10-12 days. Explain.

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• question_answer58)   What is foetal ejection reflex? Explain how it leads to parturition?

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• question_answer59)   Except endocrine function, what are the other functions of placenta.

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• question_answer60)   Why doctors recommend breast feeding during initial period of infant growth?

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• question_answer61)   What are the events that take place in the ovary and uterus during follicular phase of the menstrual cycle.

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• question_answer62)   Given below is a flow chart showing ovarian changes during menstrual cycle. Fill in the spaces giving the name of the hormones responsible for the events shown.                              

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• question_answer63)                     Give a schematic labeled diagram to represent oogenesis (without descriptions).

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• question_answer64)     What are the changes in the oogonia during the transition of a primary follicle to Graafian follicle?

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• question_answer65)     What role does pituitary gonadotropins play during follicular and ovulatory phases of menstrual cycle? Explain the shifts in steroidal secretions.

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• question_answer66)   Meiotic division during oogenesis is different from that in spermatogenesis. Explain how and why?

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• question_answer67)   The zygote passes through several developmental stages till implantation .Describe each stage briefly with suitable diagrams.

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• question_answer68)   Draw a neat diagram of the female reproductive system and label the parts associated with the following (a) production of gamete, (b) site of fertilization(c) site of implantation and (d) birth canal.

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• question_answer69)   With a suitable diagram, describe the organization of mammary gland.  

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