Free Ncert Solutions for 10th Class Science Metals and Non-metals / धातु और अधातु - Studyadda.com

s Free Ncert Solutions for 10th Class Science Metals and Non-metals / धातु और अधातु - Studyadda.com

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10th Science Metals and Non-metals

1)

Give an example of a metal which (a) is liquid at room temperature. (b) can be easily cut with a knife. (c) is the best conductor of heat. (d) is a poor conductor of heat.
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2)

Explain the meanings of malleable and ductile.
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3)

Why is sodium kept immersed in kerosene oil ?
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4)

Write the equations for the reactions of (a) iron with steam (b) calcium and potassium with water
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Samples of four metals A, B, C and D were taken and added to the following solutions one by one. The results obtained have been tabulated as follows :

Metal	Solution to which metal is added
	Iron (II) sulphate	Copper (II) sulphate	Zinc sulphate	Silver nitrate
A	No reaction	Displacement	-	-
B	Displacement	-	No reaction	-
C	No reaction	No reaction	No reaction	Displacement
D	No reaction	No reaction	No reaction	No reaction

Use the table given above to answer the following questions : (a) Which is the most reactive metal ? (b) What would you observe when B is added to solution of copper (II) sulphate? (c) Arrange the metals. A, B, C and D in order of increasing reactivity.

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6)

Which gas is produced when a reactive metal reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid? Write the chemical reaction when iron reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid. Iron and dilute
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7)

What would you observe when zinc is added to a solution of iron (II) sulphate ? Write the chemical reaction that takes place.
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8)

(i) Write the electron-dot structures for sodium, oxygen and magnesium. (ii) Show the formation of and by the transfer of electrons. (iii) What are the ions present in these compounds?
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9)

Why do ionic compounds have high melting points?
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10)

Define the following terms : (i) Minerals (ii) Ores (iii) Gangue.
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11)

Name two metals which are found in nature in free state.
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12)

Which chemical process is used for obtaining a metal from its oxide ?
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Metallic oxides of zinc, magnesium and copper were heated with the following metals.

Metal	Zinc	Magnesium	Copper
Zinc Oxide Magnesium oxide Copper oxide

In which cases, will you find displacement reactions taking place ?

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14)

Which metals do not corrode easily ?
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15)

What are alloys ?
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16)

Which of the following pairs will give displacement reactions ? (a) solution and copper metal (b) solution and aluminium metal (c) solution and silver metal (d) solution and copper metal
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17)

Which, of the following methods is suitable for preventing' an iron frying pan from rusting? (a) Applying grease (b) Applying paint (c) Applying a coating of zinc (d) All of the above
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18)

An element reacts with oxygen to give a compound with high melting point. This compound is also water soluble. The element is likely to be : (a) calcium (b) carbon (c) silicon (d) iron
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19)

Food cans are coated with tin and not with zinc because (a) zinc is costlier than tin (b) zinc has higher melting point than tin (c) zinc is more reactive than tin (d) zinc is less reactive than tin
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20)

You are given a hammer, a battery; a bulb, wires and a switch : (a) How could you use them to distinguish between samples of metals and non-metals? (b) Assess the usefulness of these tests in distinguishing between metals and non-metals.
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21)

What are amphoteric oxides ? Give two examples of amphoteric oxides.
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22)

Name the two metals which will displace hydrogen from dilute acids and two metals which will not.
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23)

In the electrolytic refining of a metal M, what would you take as the anode, (he cathode and the electrolyte?
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24)

Pratyush took sulphur powder on a spatula and heated it. He collected the gas evolved by inverting a test tube over it, as shown in figure below. (a) What will be the action of gas on (i) dry litmus paper? (ii) moist litmus paper? (b) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction taking place.
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25)

State two ways to prevent the rusting of iron.
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26)

What type of oxides are formed when non- metals combine with oxygen ?
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27)

Give reasons for the following : (a) Platinum, gold and silver are used to make jewellery. (b) Sodium, potassium and lithium are stored under oil. (c) Aluminium is a highly reactive metal but still used for making cooking utensils. (d) Carbonate and sulphide ores are usually converted into oxides during the process of extraction.
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28)

You must have seen tarnished copper vessels being cleaned with lemon or tamarind juice. Explain why these sour substances are effective in cleaning the vessels.
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29)

Differentiate between metals and non-metals on the basis of chemical properties ?.
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30)

A man went door to door posing as a goldsmith. He promised to bring back the glitter of old and dull gold ornaments. An unsuspecting lady gave a set of gold bangles to him which he dipped in a particular solution. The bangles sparkled like new but their weight was reduced drastically. The lady got upset and after a futile argument, the man beat a hasty retreat. Can you. predict the nature of the solution used by the imposter ?
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31)

Give reasons why copper is used to make hot water tanks and not steel (an alloy of iron).
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32) Which of the following property is generally not shown by metals? (a) Electrical conduction (b) Sonorous in nature (c) Dullness (d) Ductility
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33) The ability of metals to be drawn into thin wire is known as (a) ductility (b) malleability (c) sonorousity (d) conductivity
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34) Aluminium is used for making cooking utensils. Which of the following properties of aluminium are responsible for the same? (i) Good thermal conductivity (ii) Good electrical conductivity (iii) Ductility (iv) High melting point (a) (i) and (ii) (b) (i) and (iii) (c) (ii) and (iii) (d) (i) and (iv)
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35) Which one of the following metals do not react with cold as well as hot water? (a) Na (b) Ca (c) Mg (d) Fe
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36) Which of the following oxide(s) of iron would be obtained on prolonged reaction of iron with steam? (a) (b) (c) (d)and
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37) What happens when calcium is treated with water? (i) It does not react with water. (ii) It reacts violently with water. (iii) If reacts less violently with water. (iv) Bubbles of hydrogen gas formed stick to the surface of calcium. (a) (i) and (iv) (b) (ii) and (iii) (c) (i) and (ii) (d) (iii) and (iv)
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38) Generally metals react with adds to give salt and hydrogen gas. Which of the following acids does not give hydrogen gas on reacting with metals(except Mn and Mg)? (a) (b) (c) (d) All of these
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39) The composition of aqua-regia is (a) (b)
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40) Which of the following are not ionic compounds? (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (a) (i) and (ii) (b) (ii) and (iii) (c) (iii) and (iv) (d) (i) and (iii)
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41) Which one of the following properties is not generally exhibited by ionic compounds? (a) Solubility in water (b) Electrical conductivity in solid state (c) High melting and boiling points (d) Electrical conductivity in molten state
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42) Which of the following metals exist in their native state in nature? (i) Cu (ii) Au (iii) Zn (iv) Ag (a) (i) and (ii) (b) (ii) and (iii) (c) (ii) and (iv) (d) (iii) and (iv)
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43) Metals are refined by using different methods. Which of the following metals are refined by electrolytic refining? (i) Au (ii) Cu (iii) Na (iv) K (a) (i) and (ii) (b) (i) and (iii) (c) (ii) and (iii) (d) (ii) and (iv)
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44) Silver articles become black on prolonged exposure to air. This is due to the formation of (a) (b) (c) (d)and
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45) Galvanization is a method of protecting iron from rusting by coating it with a thin layer of (a) gallium (b) aluminium (c) zinc (d) silver
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46) Stainless steel is very useful material for our life. In stainless steel, iron is mixed with (a) Ni and Cr (b) Cu and Cr (c) Ni and Cu (d) Cu and Au
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47) If copper is kept open in air, it slowly loses its shining brown surface and gains a green coating. It is due to the formation of (a) (b) (c) (d)
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48) Generally, metals are solid in nature. Which one of the following metals is found in liquid state at room temperature?
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49) Which of the following metals are obtained by electrolysis of their chlorides in molten state? (i) Na (ii) Ca (iii) Fe (iv) Cu (a) (i) and (iv) (b) (iii) and (iv) (c) (i) and (iii) (d) (i) and (ii)
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50) Generally, non-metals are not lustrous. Which of the following non-metals is lustrous? (a) Sulphur (b) Oxygen (c) Nitrogen (d) Iodine
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51) Which one of the following four metals would be displaced from the solution of its salts by other three metals? (a)Mg (b)Ag (c)Zn (d) Cu
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52) 2 mL each of cone,and a mixture of cone.and cone.in the ratio of 3 : 1 were taken in test tubes labeled as A, B and C. A small piece of metal was put in each test tube. No change occurred in test tubes A and B but the metal got dissolved in test tube C. The metal could be (a) Al (b) Au (c) Cu (d) Pt
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53) An alloy is (a) an element. (b) a compound (c) a homogeneous mixture (d) a heterogeneous mixture
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54) An electrolytic cell consists of (i) positively charged cathode (ii) negatively charged anode (iii) positively charged anode (iv) negatively charged cathode (a) (i) and (ii) (b) (iii) and (iv) (c) (i) and (iii) (d) (ii) and (iv)
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55) During electrolytic refining of zinc, it gets (a) deposited on cathode (b) deposited on anode (c) deposited on cathode as well as anode (d) remains in the solution
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56) An element A is soft and can be cut with a knife. This is very reactive to air and cannot be kept open in air. It reacts vigorously with water. Identify the element from the following. (a) Mg (b) Na (c) P (d) Ca
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57) Alloys are homogeneous mixtures of a metal with a metal or non-metal. Which among the following alloys contain non-metal as one of its constituents? (a) Brass (b) Bronze (c) Amalgam (d) Steel
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58) Which among the following statements is incorrect for magnesium metal? (a) It burns in oxygen with a dazzling white flame (b) It reacts with cold water to form magnesium oxide and evolves hydrogen gas (b) It reacts with hot water to form magnesium hydroxide and evolves hydrogen gas (d) It reacts with steam to form magnesium hydroxide and evolves hydrogen gas
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59) Which among the following alloys contain mercury as one of its constituents? (a) Stainless steel (b)Alnico (c) Solder (d) Zinc amalgam
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60) Reaction between X and Y, forms compound Z. X loses electron and Y gains electron. Which of the following properties is not shown by Z? (a) Has high melting point (b) Has low melting point (c) Conducts electricity in molten state (d) Occurs as solid
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61) The electronic configurations of three elements X, Y and Z are X ? 2, 8; Y ? 2, 8, 7 and Z ? 2, 8, 2. Which of the following is correct? (a) X is a metal (b) Y is a metal (c) Z is a non-metal (d) Visa non-metal and Z is a metal
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62) Although metals form basic oxides, which of the following metals form an amphoteric oxide? (a) Na (b) Ca (c) Al (d) Cu
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63) Generally, non-metals are not conductors of electricity. Which of the following is a good conductor of electricity? (a) Diamond (b) Graphite (c) Sulphur (d) Fullerene
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64) Electrical wires have a coating of an insulating material. The material, generally used is (a) sulphur (b) graphite (c) PVC (d) All can be used
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65) Which of the following non-metals is a liquid? (a) Carbon (b) Bromine (c) Phosphorus (d) Sulphur
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66) Which of the following can undergo a chemical reaction? (a) (b) (c) (d)
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67) Which one of the following figures correctly describes the process of electrolytic refining?
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68) Iqbal treated a lustrous, divalent element M with sodium hydroxide. He observed the formation of bubbles in reaction mixture. He made the same observations when this element was treated with hydrochloric acid. Suggest how can be identify the produced gas. Write chemical equations for both the reactions.
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69) During extraction of metals, electrolytic refining is used to obtain pure metals, (a)Which material will be used as anode and cathode for refining of silver metal by this process? (b) Suggest a suitable electrolyte also. (c) In this electrolytic cell, where do we get pure silver after passing electric current?
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70) Why should the metal sulphides and carbonates be converted to metal oxides in the process of extraction of metal from them?
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71) Generally, when metals are treated with mineral acids, hydrogen gas is liberated but when metals (except Mn and Mg) are treated with,hydrogen is not liberated, why?
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72) Compound X and aluminium are used to join railway tracks, (a) Identify the compound X (b) Name the reaction (c) Write down its reaction.
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73) When a metal X is treated with cold water, it gives a basic salt Y with molecular formula XOH (molecular mass =40) and liberates a gas Z which easily catches fire. Identify X, Y and Z and also write the reaction involved.
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74) A non-metal X exists in two different forms Y and Z. Y is hardest natural substance, whereas Z is a good conductor of electricity. Identify X, Y and Z.
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75) The following reaction takes place when aluminium powder is heated with (a) Is aluminium getting reduced? (b) Isgetting oxidized?
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76) What are the constituents of solder alloy? Which property of solder makes it suitable for welding electrical wires?
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77) A metal A, which is used in thermite process, when heated with oxygen gives an oxide B, which is amphoteric in nature. Identify A and B. Write down the reactions of oxide B with HCl and NaOH.
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78) A metal that exists as a liquid at room temperature is obtained by heating its sulphide in the presence of air. Identify the metal and its ore and give the reactions involved.
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79) Give the formulae of the stable binary compounds that would be formed by the combination of following pairs of elements. (a) Mg and N2 (b) Li and O2 (c) Al and Cl2 (d) K and O2
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80) What happens when (a) is heated in the absence of oxygen? (b) a mixture ofandis heated?
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81) A non-metal A is an important constituent of our food and forms two oxides B and C. Oxide B is toxic whereas C causes global warming. (a) Identify A, B and C. (b) To which group of periodic table does A belong?
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82) Give two examples each of the metals that are good conductors and comparatively poor conductors of heat respectively.
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83) Name one metal and one non-metal that exist in liquid state at room temperature. Also name two metals having melting point less than 310 K(37°C).
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84) An element A reacts with water to form a compound B which is used in white washing. The compound B on heating forms an oxide C which on treatment with water gives back B. Identify A, B and C and give the reactions involved.
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85) An alkali metal A gives a compound B (molecular mass = 40) on reacting with water. The compound B gives a soluble compound C on treatment with aluminium oxide. Identify A, B and C and give the reactions involved.
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86) Give the reaction involved during extraction of zinc from its ore by roasting of zinc ore. (b) calcination of zinc ore.
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87) A metal M does not liberate hydrogen from adds but reacts with oxygen to give a black colour product. Identify M and black coloured product and also explain the reaction of M with oxygen.
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88) An element forms an oxide A2O3 which is acidic in nature. Identify A as a metal or non-metal.
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89) A solution ofwas kept in an iron pot. After few days the iron pot was found to have a number of holes in it. Explain the reason in terms of reactivity. Write the equation of the reaction involved.
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90) A non-metal A which is the largest constituent of air, when heated with H2 in 1: 3 ratio in the presence of catalyst (Fe) gives a gas B. On heating with O2 it gives an oxide C. If this oxide is passed into water in the presence of air, it gives an acid D which acts as a strong oxidizing agent. (a) Identify A, B, C and D. (b) To which group of the periodic table does this non-metal belongs?
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91) Give the steps involved in the extraction of metals of low and medium reactivity from their respective sulphide ores.
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92) Explain the following (a) Reactivity of Al decreases if it is dipped in. (b) Carbon cannot reduce the oxides of Na or Mg. (c) NaCI is not a conductor of electricity in solid state whereas it does conduct electricity in aqueous solution as well as in molten state. (d) Iron articles are galvanized. (e) Metals like Na, K, Ca and Mg are never found in their free state in nature.
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93) (a) Given below are the steps for extraction of copper from its ore. Write the reaction involved. (i) Roasting of copper (I) sulphide. (ii) Reduction of copper (I) oxide with copper (I) sulphide. (iii) Electrolytic refining (b) Draw a neat and well labeled diagram for electrolytic refining of copper.
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94) Of the three metals X, Y and Z, X reacts with cold water, Y with hot water and Z with steam only. Identify X, Y and Z and also arrange the min order of increasing reactivity.
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95) An element A burns with golden flame in air. It reacts with another element B, atomic number 17 to give a product C. An aqueous solution of product C on electrolysis gives a compound D and liberates hydrogen. Identify A, B, C and D. Also write down the equations for the reactions involved.
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96) Two ores A and B were taken. On heating, ore A giveswhereas, ore B gives . What steps will you take to convert them into metals?
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