12th Class Chemistry Chemistry in Everyday Life

done 12th Chemistry Chemistry in Everyday Life [Download Complete Solution]

• question_answer1) Sleeping pills are recommended by doctors to the patientssuffering from sleeplessness but it is not advisable to take its doses withoutconsultation with .the doctor. Why? Consider the effect of tranquillizers or antidepressants on the nervous system.  

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• question_answer2) With reference to which classification has the statement,"rantidiue is an antacid" been given? 

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• question_answer3) Why do we require artificial sweetening agents? Mention the function ofnatural sweeteners, discuss the same for artificial sweeteners.  

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• question_answer4) Write the chemical equation for preparing sodium soapfrom glyceryloleate and glycerylpalmitate. Structural formulae of thesecompounds are given below. (i)Glycerylpalmitate (ii) Glyceryloleate Consider the following method Glyceryl ester  Sodium salt or soap + Glycerol      

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• question_answer5) Following types of non-ionic detergents are present in liquid detergents, emulsifying agents and wetting agents. Label the hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts in the molecule. Identify the functional group (s) present in the molecule.

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• question_answer6) Why do we need to classify drugs in different ways? It makes their use and study etc,, easier.  

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• question_answer7) Explain the term target molecules or drug targets used inmedicinal chemistry. 

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• question_answer8) Name the macro-molecules that are chosen as drugtargets. Name macromolecules of biological origin,  

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• question_answer9) Why should not medicines be taken without consultingdoctors? 

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• question_answer10) Define the term chemotherapy. Chemo means chemicals; therapy means treatment.  

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• question_answer11) Which forces are involved in holding the drugs to the activesite of enzymes? 

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• question_answer12) While antacids and antiallergic drugs interfere with thefunction of histamines, why do these not interfere with the function ofeach other? If the site of function is different, there is no interference in action of the two.  

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• question_answer13) Low level of noradrenaline is the cause of depression.What types of drugs are needed to cure this problem? Name two drugs. 

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• question_answer14) What is meant by the term 'broad spectrum antibiotics'?Explain. 

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• question_answer15) How do antiseptics differ from disinfectants? Give oneexample of each. 

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• question_answer16) Why are cimetidine and rantidine better antacids thansodium hydrogen carbonate or magnesium or aluminum hydroxide? 

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• question_answer17) Name a substance which can be used as an antiseptic as well as disinfectant. 

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• question_answer18) What are the main constituents ofdettol? 

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• question_answer19) What is tincture of iodine? What is its use? 

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• question_answer20) What are food preservatives? 

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• question_answer21) Why is the use of aspartame limited to cold foods anddrinks? 

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• question_answer22) What are artificial sweetening agents? Give tow examples 

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• question_answer23) Name the sweetening agent used in the preparation ofsweets for a diabetic patient. 

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• question_answer24) What problem arises in using alitame as artificialsweetener? 

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• question_answer25) How are synthetic detergents better than soaps? 

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• question_answer26) Explain the following terms with suitable examples: (i) Cationic detergents (ii) Anionic detergents and (iii) Non-ionic detergents  

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• question_answer27) What arebiodegradable and non-biodegradable detergents? Give one exapmle or each. 

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• question_answer28) Why do soaps not work with hard water? 

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• question_answer29) Can you use soaps and detergents to check the hardnessof water? 

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• question_answer30) Explain the cleansing action of soaps. 

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• question_answer31) If water contains dissolved calcium hydrogen carbonate,out of soaps and synthetic detergents which one will you use for cleaningclothes? 

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• question_answer32) Label the hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts in thefollowing compounds. (i) (ii) (iii)  

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• question_answer33) Which of the following statements is not correct ? (a) Some antiseptics can be added to soaps. (b) Dilute solutions of some disinfectants can be used an antiseptic. (c) Disinfectants are antimicrobial drugs. (d) Antiseptic medicines can be ingested.

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• question_answer34)   Which is the correct statement about birth control pills ? (a) Contain estrogen only (b) Contain progesterone only (c) Con train a mixture of estrogen and progesterone derivatives (d) Progesterone enhances ovulation

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• question_answer35)   Which statement about aspirin is not true ? (a) Aspirin belongs to narcotic analgesics (b) It is effective in relieving pain (c) It has anti blood clotting action (d) It is a neurologically active drug

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• question_answer36)   The most useful classification of drugs for medicinal chemists is ....... (a) on the basis of chemical structure (b) on the basis of drug action (c) on the basis of molecular targets (d) on the basis of pharmacological effect

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• question_answer37)   Which of the following statements is correct? (a) Some tranquillisers function by inhibiting the enzymes which catalyse the degradation of noradrenaline. (b) Tranquillisers are narcotic drugs. (c) Tranquillisers are chemical compounds that do not affect the message transfer from nerve to receptor. (d) Tranquillisers are chemical compounds that can relieve pain and fever.

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• question_answer38)   Salvarsan is arsenic containing drug which was first used for the treatment of ....? (a) syphilis (b) typhoid (c) meningitis (d) dysentery

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• question_answer39)   A narrow spectrum antibiotic is active against ?????. . (a) gram positive or gram negative bacteria (b) gram negative bacteria only (c) single organism or one disease (d) both gram positive and gram negative bacteria

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• question_answer40)   The compound that causes general anti- depressant action on the central nervous system belongs to the class of........ (a) analgesics (b) tranquillizers (c) narcotic analgesics (d) antihistamines

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• question_answer41)   Compound which is added to soap to impart antiseptic properties is ....... (a) sodium lauryl sulphate (b) sodium dodecylbenznesulphonate (c) rosin (d) bithional

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• question_answer42)   Equanil is ....... (a) artificial sweetener (b) tranquillizer (c) an this t amine (d) an tifertility drug

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• question_answer43)   Which of the following enhances lathering property of soap ? (a) Sodium carbonate (b) Sodium rosinate (c) Sodium stearate (d) Trisodium phosphate

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• question_answer44)   Glycerol is added to soap. It functions ....... (a) as a filler (b) to increase lathering (c) to prevent rapid drying (d) to make soap granules

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• question_answer45)   Which of the following is an example of liquid dishwashing detergent ? (a) (b) (c) (d)

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• question_answer46)   Polyethyleneglycols are used in the preparation of which type of detergents ? (a) Cationic detergents (b) Anionic detergents (c) Non-ionic detergents (d) Soaps

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• question_answer47)   Which of the following is not a target molecule for drug function in body ? (a) Carbohydrates (b) Lipids (c) Vitamins (d) Proteins

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• question_answer48)   Which do the following statements is not true about enzyme inhibitors ? (a) Inhibit the catalytic activity of the enzyme (b) Prevent the binding of substrate (c) Generally a strong covalent bond is formed between an inhibitor and an enzyme (d) Inhibitors can be competitive or non- competitive

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• question_answer49)   Which of the following chemicals can be added for sweetening of food items at cooking temperature and does not provide calories ? (a) Sucrose (b) Glucose (c) Aspartame (d) Sucrolose

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• question_answer50)   Which of the following will not enhance nutritional value of food ? (a) Minerals (b) Artificial sweeteners (c) Vitamins (d) Amino acids

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• question_answer51)   Which of the following statements are incorrect about receptor proteins ? (a) Majority of receptor proteins are embedded in the cell membranes. (b) The active site of receptor proteins opens on the inside region of the cell. (c) Chemical messengers are received at the binding sites of receptor proteins. (d) Shape of receptor doesn't change during attachment of messenger.

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• question_answer52)   Which of the following are not used as food preservatives ? (a) Table salt (b) Sodium hydrogen carbonate (c) Cane sugar (d) Benzoic acid

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• question_answer53)   Compounds with antiseptic properties are...... (a) (b) (c) Boric acid (d) 0.3 ppm aqueous solution of

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• question_answer54)   Which of the following statements are correct about barbiturates ? (a) Hypnotics or sleep producing agents (b) These are tranquillizers (c) Non-narcotic analgesics (d) Pain reducing without disturbing the nervous system.

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• question_answer55)   Which of the following are sulpha drugs ? (a) Sulphapyridine (b) Prontosil (c) Salvarsan (d) Nardil

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• question_answer56)   Which of the following are antidepressants ? (a) Iproniazid (b) Phenelzine (c) Equanil (d) Salvarsan

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• question_answer57)   Which of the following statements are incorrect about penicillin ? (a) An antibacterial fungus (b) Ampicillin is its synthetic modification (c) It has bacteriostatic effect (d) It is a broad spectrum antibiotic

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• question_answer58)   Which of the following compounds are administered as antacids ? (a) Sodium carbonate (b) Sodium hydrogen carbonate (c) Aluminium carbonate (d) Magnesium hydroxide

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• question_answer59)   Amongst the following antihistamines, which are antacids ? (a) Ranitidine (b) Brompheniramine (c) Terfenadine (d) Cimetidine

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• question_answer60)   Veronal and luminal are derivatives of barbituric acid which are ....... (a) Tranquillizers (b) Non-narcotic analgesic (c) Antiallergic drugs (d) Neurologically active drugs

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• question_answer61)   Which of the following are anionic detergents ? (a)Sodium salts of sulphonated long chain alcohol (b) Ester of stearic acid and polyethylene glycol (c) Quartemary ammonium salt of amine with acetate ion (d) Sodium salts of sulphonated long chain hydrocarbons

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• question_answer62)   Which of the following statements are correct? (a) Cationic detergents have genocidal properties (b) Bacteria can degrade the detergents containing highly branched chains (c) Some synthetic detergents can give foam even in ice cold water (d) Synthetic detergents are not soaps.  

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• question_answer63)   What is the average molecular mass of drugs?

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• question_answer64)   Write the uses of medicines.

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• question_answer65)   What are antiseptics ?

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• question_answer66)   Which type of drugs come under antimicrobial drugs ?

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• question_answer67) Where are receptors located ?

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• question_answer68)   What is the harmful effect of hyperacidity ?

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• question_answer69)   Which site of an enzyme is called allosteric site ?

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• question_answer70)   What type of forces are involved in binding of substrate to the active site of enzyme ?

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• question_answer71)   What is the commonality between the antibiotic arsphenamine and azodye ?

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• question_answer72)   Which class of drugs is used in sleeping pills ?

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• question_answer73)   Aspirin is pain relieving antipyretic drug but can be used to prevent heart attack. Explain.

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• question_answer74)   Both antacids and ant allergic drugs are antihistamines but they cannot replace each other. Explain why?

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• question_answer75)   What is a soft soap ?

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• question_answer76)   If soap has high alkali content it irritates skin. How can the amount of excess alkali be determined ? What can be the source of excess alkali ?

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• question_answer77)   Explain why some times foaming is seen in river water near the place where sewage water is poured after treatment ?

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• question_answer78)   Which category of the synthetic detergents is used in toothpaste ?

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• question_answer79)   Hair shampoos belong to which class of synthetic detergent ?

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• question_answer80)   Dishwashing soaps are synthetic detergents. What is their chemical nature ?

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• question_answer81)   Draw the diagram showing micelle formation by the following detergent ?

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• question_answer82)       How does the branching of hydrocarbon chain of synthetic detergents affect their biodegradability ?

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• question_answer83)   Why is it safer to use soap from the environmental point of view ?

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• question_answer84)   What are analgesics ?

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• question_answer85)   What is the scientific explanation for the feeling of depression ?

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• question_answer86)   What is the basic difference between antiseptics and disinfectants ?

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• question_answer87)   Between sodium hydrogen carbonate and magnesium hydroxide which is a better antacid and why ?

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• question_answer88)   Which analgesics are called opiates ?

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• question_answer89)   What is the medicinal use of narcotic drugs ?

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• question_answer90)   What are antagonistic drugs ?

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• question_answer91)   What is the mode of action of antimicrobial drugs ?

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• question_answer92)   What is the side product of soap industry ? Give reactions showing soap formation.

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• question_answer93)   What is the difference between bathing soap and washing soaps ?

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• question_answer94)   How are transparent soaps manufactured ?

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• question_answer95)   What is the advantage of using antihistamines over antacids in the treatment of acidity ?

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• question_answer96)   What are the functions performed by histamine in the body ?

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• question_answer97)   With the help of an example explain how do tranquillizers control the feeling of depression ?

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• question_answer98)   Why are certain drugs called enzyme inhibitors ?

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• question_answer99)   What are fillers and what role these fillers play in soap ?

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• question_answer100)   Sugar is the main source of energy as it products energy on metabolic decomposition. But these days low calorie drinks are more popular, why ?

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• question_answer101)   Pickles have a long shelf life and do not get spoiled for months, why ?

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• question_answer102)   What is the difference between saccharin and saccharin acid ?

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• question_answer103)   Name an artificial sweetener which is derivative of sucrose.

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• question_answer104)   Name two a-amino acids which form a de peptide which is 100 times more sweet than cane sugar ?

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• question_answer105)   Aspartame is unstable at cooking temperature, where would you suggest aspartame to be used for sweetening ?

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• question_answer106)   Sodium salts of some acids are very useful as food preservatives. Suggest a few such acids.

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• question_answer107)   Explain the role of allosteric site in enzyme inhibition ?

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• question_answer108)   How are receptor proteins located in the cell membrane ?

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• question_answer109)   What happens when the bond formed between an enzyme and an inhibitor is a strong covalent bond ?

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• question_answer110) Match the medicines given in Column I with their use given in Column II

  	Column I		Column II
  (i)	Ranitidine	(a)	Tranquillizer
  (ii)	Furacine	(b)	Antibiotic
  (iii)	Phenelzine	(c)	Antihistamine
  (iv)	Chloramphenicol	(d)	Antifertility drug

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• question_answer111) c   Match the soaps given in Column I with items given in Column II

  	Column I		Column II
  (i)	Soap chips	(a)	dried miniature soap bubbles
  (ii)	Soap granules	(b)	small broken pieces of soap formed from melted soaps
  (iii)	Soap powder	(c)	soap powder + abrasives + builders
  (iv)	Scouring soap	(d)	soap powder + builders like and

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• question_answer112)   Match structures given in Column I with the type of detergents given in Column II.  

  	Column I		Column II
  (i)		(a)	Cationic detergent
  (ii)		(b)	Anionic detergent
  (iii)		(c)	Nonionic detergent
  (iv)		(d)	Soap

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• question_answer113)   Match the detergents given in Column I with their uses given in Column II.

  	Column I		Column II
  (i)		(a)	Dishwashing powder
  (ii)		(b)	Laundry soap
  (iii)	Rosin	(c)	Hair conditioners
  (iv)		(d)	Toothpaste

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• question_answer114)   Match the class of compounds given in Column I with their, functions given in Column II.

  	Column I		Column II
  (i)	Antagonists	(a)	Communicate message between two neurons and that between neurons to muscles
  (ii)	Agonists	(b)	Bind to the receptor site and inhibit its natural function
  (iii)	Chemical messenger	(c)	Crucial to body's communication process
  (iv)	Inhibitors	(d)	Mimic the natural messenger
  	Receptors	(e)	Inhibit activities of enzymes

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• question_answer115)   Match the classes of drugs given in Column I with their action given in Column II

  	Column I		Column II
  (i)	Analgesics	(a)	Inhibit the growth of microorganisms, can be given orally
  (ii)	Antiseptics	(b)	Treatment of stress
  (iii)	Antihistamines	(c)	Applied to inanimate objects
  (iv)	Antacids	(d)	Prevents the interaction of histamine with its receptor
  (v)	Tranquillisers	(e)	Pain killing effect
  (vi)	Antibiotics	(f)	Applied to diseased skin surfaces
  (viii)	Disinfectants	(g)	Treatment of acidity

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• question_answer116)   Assertion : Penicillin (G) is an antihistamine.

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• question_answer117)   Assertion : Sulpha drug contain sulphonamide group.

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• question_answer118)   Assertion : Receptors are crucial to body's communication process.

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• question_answer119)   Assertion : Enzymes have active sites that hold substrate molecule for a chemical reaction.

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• question_answer120)   Assertion: Chemical messengers are chemicals that enable communication of message between two neurons or between neurons and muscles.

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• question_answer121)   Assertion : Transparent soaps are made by dissolving soaps in ethanol.

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• question_answer122)   Assertion : Sodium chloride is added to precipitate soap after saponification.

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• question_answer123)   Assertion: Competitive inhibitors compete with natural substrate for their attachment on the active sites of enzymes.

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• question_answer124)   Assertion: Non-competitive inhibitor inhibits the catalytic activity of enzyme by binding with its active site.

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• question_answer125)   Assertion : Chemical messenger gives message to the cell without entering the cell.

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• question_answer126)   Assertion : Receptor proteins show selectivity for one chemical messenger over the other.

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• question_answer127)   Assertion : All chemicals added to food items are called food preservatives.

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• question_answer128)   Assertion : Preservatives are added to food items,

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• question_answer129) Assertion : Artificial sweeteners are added to the food to control the intake of calories.

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• question_answer130)   In what respect do prontosil and salvarsan resemble. Is there any resemblance between azo dye and prontosil ? Explain.

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• question_answer131)   How do enzymes catalyse a chemical reaction in the living system ? Explain drug target interaction taking the example of enzyme as target.

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• question_answer132)   Synthetic detergents have advantage over usual soaps as far as cleansing power is concerned. But use of synthetic detergents over a long time creates environmental pollution. How can the pollution caused by synthetic detergents be minimi sed ? Classify the detergents according to their chemical nature.

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• question_answer133)   What are enzyme inhibitors ? Classify them on the basis of their mode of attachments on the active site of enzyme. With the help of diagrams explain how do inhibitors inhibit the enzymatic activity.      

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