Plant life
Category : 5th Class
PLANT LIFE
FUNDAMENTAL
Types of plant on basis of habitat
Types of Plants on the basis of habitat |
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A. |
Terrestrial Plants grow on the land e.g. mango, pine, coconut |
1. Desert Plants: Leaves reduced into spine, swollen stem to store water, long roots etc. e.g. Cactus 2. Plants in hot and damp places remain evergreen and never shed leaves e.g. coconut, neem. 3. Plants of plains: They have branches and leaves shed leaves in autumn e.g. maple tree 4. Platns of hilly areas: Tall plants with lots of branches of flowers e.g. pine, cycas |
B. |
Aquatic Platns grow in water e.g. Lotus, vallisneria |
1. Floating Plants: Floats Plants: Floats on the surface of pond, lake etc. e.g. water hyacinth, duckweed 2. Submerged Plants: Breathe through the body surface. Have no pores on the leaves e.g. Hydrilla vallisneria etc. |
C. |
Epiphytes (Air Plants) those live on trees e.g. mosses, orchids |
1. Not permanently rooted in soil 2. Developed root system 3. Stem not extensively develop 4. Reduction in leaf number |
D. |
Marshy Plants has breathing roots to take air from atmosphere e.g. mangroves |
1. Marshy plants are characterized by luxuriant growth and often have large leaves. 2. Close to the water?s edge, there is no shortage of water for growth. 3. Plants in this region can therefore afford to have large leaves since excessive loss of moisture from the foliage is not a problem. |
Adaptation in Different Plants |
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Valisneria |
Water Hyacinth |
Desert Plants |
Drosera |
Lotus |
Plants growing in hilly area |
Marshy plant |
Submerged plants have pores on the leaf surface to breathe |
Floating plants have long stem and broad leaves that are buoyant |
Desert plants have leaves reduced to spines to prevent water loss through transpiration Long roots to go up to under- ground water sources |
Insectivorous plants are attractive and colorful to attract insect and birds |
Fixed plants have long hollow stem to provide support and broad leaves to provide buoyancy |
Plants growing in hilly area have leaves reduced to needle shaped to allow snow to slip off the leaf surface |
Marshy plants have air breathing roots to absorb nutrients from the air |
Method of seed dispersal |
By Wind |
By Water |
By Animals |
By Explosion |
Characteristics |
The fruits or seeds are usually small and light or have large surface area so that they can be carried easily by the wind e.g., Cotton, poppy, maple, drumsticks |
The fruits or seeds usually have a fibrous structure that to float on water. E.g., coconut, lotus, water lily and hydrilla |
The fruits which are sweet and juicy are eaten by animals. The seeds are usually not digested are dropped out e.g., Guava, Mango, Berries |
The fruits dry up and split open or release or scatter the seeds inside. E.g., Balsam, Pea, Geranium |
Examples |
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REPRODUCTION IN PLANT
Artificial means of Vegetative propagation
CROPS
Plants of one kind grown in a particular area or region during a particular period are called crops.
Kharif crops:- (Rice, maize, jowar and bajra) grown in summer season.
Rabi crops:- (Wheat, barley, gram) grown in winter season.
Oil producing crops:- Sunflower, Groundnut, Coconut, Mustard and Peanuts.
Fiber producing crops:- Cotton, Jute
Cash crops:- Which are raw materials for industries. (Rubber, Tea, Coffee, Sugarcane)
Food crops:- For food materials (Paddy, wheat)
Medicinal Plants:- Uses for herbal medicine. (Aloevera, Ashwagandha, Margosa, Wood apple)
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