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question_answer1) What types of mixtures are represented by the following? (i) Carbon dioxide gas dissolved in water. (ii) Air containing suspended particles. (iii) Soap bubbles formed by blowing air into soap solution.
question_answer2) Two miscible liquids A and B are present in a solution. The boiling point of A is 60°C while that of B is 90°C. Suggest a method to separate them.
question_answer3) The teacher instructed three students A,B and C respectively to prepare a 50% (mass by volume) solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Student A dissolved 50g of NaOH in 100 mL of water. Student B dissolved 50g of NaOH in 100g of water. The student C dissolved 50g of NaOH in water to make 100mL of solution. Which one of them has made the desired solution and Why?
question_answer4) Calculate the mass of potassium sulphate required to prepare its 10 per cent (mass per cent) solution in 100g of water.
question_answer5) Smoke and fog both are aerosols. In what way are they different?
question_answer6) Can we separate alcohol dissolved in water by using a separating funnel? If yes, then describe the procedure. If not, explain.
question_answer7) On heating calcium carbonate gets converted into calcium oxide and carbon dioxide. (i) Is this a physical or a chemical change? (ii) Can you prepare one acidic or one basic solution by using the products formed in the above process? If so, write the chemical equation involved.
question_answer8) Sucrose (sugar) crystals obtained from sugarcane and beetroot are mixed together. Will it be a pure substance or a mixture? Give reasons for the same.
question_answer9) Give some examples of Tyndall effect observed in your surroundings?
question_answer10) Suggest separation techniques one would need to employ to separate the following mixtures. (i) Mercury and water. (ii) Potassium chloride and ammonium chloride. (iii) Common salt, water and sand. (iv) kerosene oil, water and salt.
question_answer11) Explain why particles of colloidal solution do not settle down when left undisturbed, while in the case of a suspension they do?
question_answer12) Classify the following as physical or chemical properties. (i) The composition of a sample of steel is 98% iron, 1.5% carbon and 0.5% other elements. (ii) Zinc dissolves in hydrochloric acid with the evolution of hydrogen gas. (iii) Metallic sodium is soft enough to be cut with kinfe. (iv) Most metal oxides form alkalis on interacting with water.
question_answer13) Classify the following as elements and compounds. (i) Silver (ii) Methane (iii) Water (iv) Mercury
question_answer14) Name the technique used to separate dyes in blue-black ink (ii) camphor and sand (iii) different gases from air (iv) butter from cream
question_answer15) A solution made by dissolving 50 g of glucose in 250 g of water, calculate the concentration of this solution in mass percentage.
question_answer16) Distinguish between physical and chemical changes in a tabular form giving two differences.
question_answer17) A child eats chocolate and digests it. In doing so, some physical and chemical changes take place. Identify the changes. Chemical change Digestion of chocolate. (1)
question_answer18) Write two differences between suspension and colloidal solution.
question_answer19) (i) A mixture is prepared by mixing two liquids A and B. Which property will be used to separate them by the process of distillation? (ii) Name the process for separating the component of a mixture containing sand, salt and ammonium chloride.
question_answer20) Name the principle used to separate kerosene and water. Draw a neat and labelled diagram of the apparatus used in this separation.
question_answer21) Define a solution. Give an example of gas in liquid solution (ii) gas in gas solution.
question_answer22) What is meant by a saturated solution? What happens when a saturated solution is heated?
question_answer23) Define sublimation. Name two solids that sublime on heating.
question_answer24) A solution contains 40 g of common salt in 360 g of water. Calculate the concentration in terms of mass by mass percentage of the solution.
question_answer25) Four different mixtures in water are prepared using charcoal powder, chalk powder, slaked lime and detergent powder. Which of these (i) Would not leave residue on filter paper after filtration? (ii) Would show Tyndall effect? (iii) Would leave residue on filter paper after filtration. (iv) Would give transparent /clear solution
question_answer26) Common salt is obtained from seawater and purified before sending it for marketing. (i) Name the process by which common salt is obtained from seawater. (ii) Name the process by which common salt is purified.
question_answer27) Give reasons (i) Path of beam of light is not visible through a solution. (ii) Particles of suspension can be seen with a naked eye.
question_answer28) Explain why filter paper cannot be used to separate colloids.
question_answer29) On dissolving chalk powder in water, a suspension is obtained. Give any four reasons to support the fact that mixture so obtained is a suspension only.
question_answer30) Write any two applications of chromatography. Also write a necessary condition of chromatography
question_answer31) Identify the solute and solvent in (i)sugar solution (ii) soda water
question_answer32) (i) Distinguish among true solution, suspension and colloid in a tabular form under the following heads. (a) stability (b) filterability (c) type of mixture (ii) What is meant by concentration of a solution? How will you prepare a 10% solution of glucose by mass in water?
question_answer33) (i) Draw a neat and labelled diagram of the apparatus used to separate components of blue-black ink. Name the process and state the principle involved. (ii) Identify the physical and chemical changes from the following. (a) Burning of magnesium in air. (b) Tarnishing of silver spoon. (c) Sublimation of iodine. (d) Electrolysis of water.
question_answer34) You are provided with a mixture containing iron filings, ammonium chloride, sand and sodium chloride. Describe the procedure that you would use to separate the constituents from the mixture.
question_answer35) Give an example each for the mixture having following characteristics. Suggest a suitable method to separate the components of these mixtures. (i) A volatile and non-volatile component. (ii) Two volatile components with appreciable difference in boiling points. (iii) Two immiscible liquids. (iv) One of the components changes directly from solid to gaseous state. (v) Two or more coloured constituents soluble in some solvent.
question_answer36) Rama tested the solubility of four substances at different temperatures and found gram of each substance dissolved in 100 g of water to form a saturated solution. S. No. Substance dissolved (in gram) 1. Ammonium chloride 37 g 41 g 55 g 2. Potassium chloride 35 g 40 g 46 g 3. Sodium chloride 36 g 36 g 37 g 4. Potassium nitrate 32 g 62 g (i) Which solution is least soluble at 293K? (ii) Which substance shows maximum change in its solubility when the temperature is raised from 293K to 313K? (iii) Find the amount of ammonium chloride that will separate out when 55 g of its solution at 333K is cooled to 293K. (iv) What is the effect of temperature on the solubility of a salt? (v) What mass of sodium chloride would be needed to make a saturated solution in 10 g of water at 293K?
question_answer37) Fractional distillation is suitable for separation of miscible liquids with a boiling point difference of about 25 K or less. What part of fractional distillation apparatus makes it efficient and possess an advantage over a simple distillation process? Explain using a diagram. (i) Under which category of mixtures will you classify alloys and why? (ii) A solution is always a liquid. Comment. (ii) Can a solution be heterogeneous?
question_answer38) Iron filings and sulphur were mixed together and divided into two parts, A and B. Part A was heated strongly while part B was not heated. Dilute hydrochloric acid was added to both the parts and evolution of gas was seen in both the cases. How will you identify the gases evolved?
question_answer39) A group of students took an old shoe box and covered it with a black paper from all sides. They fixed a source of light (a torch) at one end of the box by making a hole in it and made another hole on the other side to view the light. They placed a milk sample contained in a beaker/tumbler in the box as shown in the figure. They were amazed to see that milk taken in the tumbler was illuminated. They tried the same activity by taking a salt solution but found that light simply passed through it? (i) Explain why the milk sample was illuminated. Name the phenomenon involved. (ii) Same results were not observed with a salt solution. Explain. (iii) Can you suggest two more solutions which would show the same effect as shown by the milk solution?
question_answer40) Classify each of the following as a physical or a chemical change. Give reasons. (i) Drying of a shirt in the sun. (ii) Rising of hot air over a radiator. (iii) Burning of kerosene in a lantern. (iv) Change in the colour of black tea on adding lemon juice to it. (v) Churning of milk cream to get butter.
question_answer41) During an experiment the students were asked to prepare a 10% (mass/mass) solution of sugar in water. Ramesh dissolved 10 g of sugar in 100 g of water while Sarika prepared it by dissolving 10 g of sugar in water to make 100 g of the solution. (i) Are the two solutions of the same concentration? (ii) Compare the mass % of the two solutions.
question_answer42) You are provided with a mixture of naphthalene and sodium chloride by your teacher. Suggest an activity to separate them with well labelled diagram.
question_answer43) (i) You are given a mixture of sand, water and mustard oil. How will you separate the components of this mixture. Explain it with the help of different separation methods involved in it. (ii) Give flow diagram showing the process of obtaining gases from air.
question_answer44) (i) State what are elements? (ii) What are the three main types of elements? (iii) Write a property of each type of elements.
question_answer45) (i) Write the steps involved in the process of obtaining pure copper sulphate from an impure sample. (ii) Give any one application of this method. (iii) Why is this technique better than simple evaporation to purify solids?
question_answer46) Manu went to watch movie with his parents. In the dark, he found a small beam of light within which million of tiny particles were dancing. He thought, when their was lights, no such a beam appears. He was very surprised. He asked about this from his science teacher. His science teacher told him that was due to scattering of light. Answer the following questions based on the above passage. (i) What values are exhibited by Manu? (ii) What were the tiny particles? (iii) Why these were not appeared in the presence of light? (iv) What a single term can be used for scattering of light of such particles? (v) Give an another example of Tyndall effect.
question_answer47) Show diagrammatically how water is purified in the waterworks system and list the processes involved.
question_answer48) Describe the method with the help of a diagram to separate a mixture of two immiscible liquids-kerosene oil and water.
question_answer49) Give an example each for the mixture having the following characteristics. Suggest method to separate the components of these mixtures. (i) A volatile and a non-volatile component. (ii) Two volatile components with appreciable difference in boiling points. (iii) Two immiscible liquids. (iv) One of the components which changes directly from solid to gaseous state. (v) Two or more coloured constituents soluble in the same solvent.
question_answer50) How can we obtain different gases from air?
question_answer51) What type of mixtures are separated by the technique of crystallisation? [NCERT]
question_answer52) Define saturated solution giving example. [NCER]
question_answer53) What are the two components of a colloidal solution?
question_answer54) What do you mean by unsaturated solution?
question_answer55) Classify each of the following as a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture: Soda water, wood, air, soil, vinegar, filtered tea. [NCERT]
question_answer56) How would you confirm that a colourless liquid given to you is pure water [NCERT]
question_answer57) Which of the following materials fall in the category of a "pure substance' (a) Ice (&) Milk (c) Iron (d) Hydrochloric acid (e) Calcium oxide (f) Mercury (g) Brick (h) Wood (i) Air [NCERT]
question_answer58) Why is crystallisation technique considered better than simple evaporation to purify solids?
question_answer59) What is mass per cent of a solution?
question_answer60) Identify the solutions among the following mixtures: (a) Soil (b) Sea water (c) Air (d) Coal (e) Soda water [NCERT]
question_answer61) Which of the following will show 'Tyndall effect'? (a) Salt solution (b) Milk (c) Copper sulphate solution (d) Starch solution
question_answer62) What is meant by a substance?
question_answer63) In what respect does a true solution differ from a colloidal solution?
question_answer64) Two liquids 'A' and 'B' are miscible with each other at room temperature. Which separation technique will you apply to separate the mixture of 'A' and 'B' if the difference in their boiling points is 27°C?
question_answer65) Define crystallisation.
question_answer66) Identify the elements from the following substances: sulphur, brine, hydrochloric acid, water, neon, paper, sugar.
question_answer67) An unknown substance 'A' on thermal decomposition produces 'B' and 'C'. What is 'A'?an element, a compound or a mixture?
question_answer68) Name two elements which exist in liquid state at room temperature.
question_answer69) Sucrose (sugar) crystals obtained from sugarcane and beetroot are mixed together. Will it be a pure substance or a mixture? Give reasons for the same.
question_answer70) Why is water called universal solvent?
question_answer71) Name the technique to separate (i) butter and curd (ii) salt and sea water (iii) camphor from salt (iv) kerosene and petrol.
question_answer72) Can you use filter paper to separate colloids? Give reason.
question_answer73) Is water an element or a compound? Give reason in support of you statement.
question_answer74) Suggest separation technique(s) one would need to employ to separate the following mixtures: (a) Mercury and water (b) Potassium chloride and ammonium chloride (c) Common salt, water and sand (d)Kerosene oil, water and salt. [NCERT Exemplar]
question_answer75) 'Sea water can be classified as homogeneous as well as heterogeneous mixture. Comment. [NCERT Exemplar]
question_answer76) Define chromatography and give its one application.
question_answer77) Why is it not possible to distinguish particles of a solute from the solvent in solution?
question_answer78) While diluting a solution of salt in water, a student by mistake added acetone (boiling point 56°C). What technique can be employed to get back the acetone? Justify your choice. [NCERT Exemplar]
question_answer79) Explain why particles of a colloidal solution do not settle down when left undisturbed, while in the case of a suspension they do. [NCERT Exemplar]
question_answer80) State the principle of separating two immiscible liquids by separating funnel. Describe an activity with diagram to separate a mixture of water and kerosene oil.
question_answer81) Identify the dispersed phase and dispersing medium in the following colloids. (a) Fog (b) Cheese (c) Coloured gemstone
question_answer82) Smoke and fog both are aerosols. In what way are they different? [NCERT Exemplar]
question_answer83) Classify the following as physical or chemical properties: (a) The composition of a sample of steel is 98% iron, 1.5% carbon and 0.5' other elements. (b) Zinc dissolves in hydrochloric acid with the evolution of hydrogen gas (c) Metallic sodium is soft enough to be cut with a knife. (d) Most metal oxides form alkalis on interacting with water. [NCERT Exemplar]
question_answer84) Name the process associated with the following: (a) Dry ice is kept at room temperature and at one atmospheric pressure. (6) A potassium permanganate crystal is in a beaker and water is poured into the beaker with stirring. (c) An acetone bottle is left open and the bottle becomes empty. (d) Milk is churned to separate cream from it. (e) Settling of sand when a mixture of sand and water is left undisturbed for some time. (f) Fine beam of light entering through a small hole in a dark room illuminates the particles in its paths. [NCERT Exemplar]
question_answer85) Describe any three properties of colloid.
question_answer86) On heating, calcium carbonate gets converted into calcium oxide and carbon dioxide. (a) Is this a physical or a chemical change? (b) Can you prepare one acidic and one basic solution by using the products formed in the above process? If so, write the chemical equation involved. [NCERT Exemplar]
question_answer87) Non-metals are usually poor conductors of heat and electricity. They are non-lustrous, non-sonorous, and non-malleable and are coloured. (a) Name a lustrous non-metal. (b) Name a non-metal which exists as a liquid at room temperature. (c) The allotropic form of a non-metal is a good conductor of electricity. Name the allotrope. (d) Name a non-metal which is known to form the largest number of compounds. (e) Name a non-metal other than carbon which shows allotropy. (f) Name a non-metal which is required for combustion. [NCERT Exemplar]
question_answer88) Which of the following are not compounds? (a) Chlorine gas (b) Potassium chloride (c) Iron (d) Iron sulphide (e) Aluminium (f) Iodine (g) Carbon (h) Carbon monoxide (i) Sulphur powder [NCERT Exemplar]
question_answer89) Which of the following have a non-fixed composition? Pond water, soft drink, distilled water, cough syrup and zinc sulphate.
question_answer90) What do you understand by the term distillation? Give its one application.
question_answer91) State the separation technique you would apply for the separation of the following. (a)Sodium chloride from its solution in water (b)Tea leaves from tea (c)Iron pins from sand (d)Different pigments from an extract of leaves (e)Butter from curd (f) Fine mud particles suspended in water
question_answer92) Give two points of differences between an element and a compound.
question_answer93) Identify colloids and true solutions from the following: Pond water, fog, aluminium paint, vinegar and glucose solution.
question_answer94) Rain water stored in a tank contains sand grains, unfiltrable clay particles calcium carbonate, salt, pieces of paper and some air bubbles. Select from amongst these one example each of a solvent, a solute, a colloid and suspension.
question_answer95) Classify the following into elements, compounds and mixtures. (i) Pure sand (ii) Air (iii) Ammonia gas (iv) Ice (v) Glass (vi) CaO.
question_answer96) Classify the following into metals, non-metals and metalloids: (i) Germanium (ii) Boron (iii) Diamond (iv) Iodine (v) Copper (vi) Helium
question_answer97) Classify each of the following as a physical or a chemical change. Give reasons. (a) Drying of a shirt in the sun. (b) Rising of hot air over a radiator. (c) Burning of kerosene in a lantern. (d) Change in the colour of black tea on adding lemon juice to it. (e) Churning of milk cream to get butter. [NCERT Exemplar]
question_answer98) What would you observe when (a) a saturated solution of potassium chloride prepared at 60°C is allowed to cool at room temperature? (b) an aqueous sugar solution is heated to dryness? (c) a mixture of iron filings and sulphur powder is heated strongly? [NCERT Exemplar]
question_answer99) Differentiate between a true solution and a colloid.
question_answer100) Distinguish between metals and non-metals.
question_answer101) Distinguish between compounds and mixtures.
question_answer102) Distinguish between physical change and chemical change.
question_answer103) List the points of difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures. [NCERT]
question_answer104) A child wanted to separate the mixture of dyes constituting a sample of ink. He marked a line by the ink on the filter paper and placed the filter paper in a glass containing water as shown in figure. The filter paper was removed when the water moved near the paper top of the filter paper. (i) What would you expect to see, if the ink contains three different coloured components? (ii) Name the technique used by the child. (iii) Suggest one more application of this technique. [NCERT Exemplar]
question_answer105) How do sol, solution and suspension differ from each other? [NCERT]
question_answer106) Fractional distillation is suitable for separation of miscible liquids with boiling point difference of about 25 K or less. What part of fractional distillation apparatus makes it efficient and possess an advantage over simple distillation process? Explain using a diagram. [NCERT Exemplar]
question_answer107) Iron filings and sulphur were mixed together and divided into two parts 'A' and 'S'. Part 'A' was heated strongly while Part'S' was not heated. Dilute hydrochloric acid was added to both the parts and evolution of gas was seen in both the cases. How will you identify the gases evolved? [NCERT Exemplar]
question_answer108) Pragya tested the solubility of three different substances at differs temperatures and collected the data as given below (results are given in the following table, as grams of substance dissolved in 100 grams of water) form a saturated solution). Substance dissolved Temperature (K) 283 293 313 333 353 Solubility Potassium nitrate 21 32 62 106 167 Sodium chloride 36 36 36 37 37 Potassium chloride 35 35 40 46 54 Ammonium chloride 24 37 41 55 66 (a)What mass of potassium nitrate would be needed to produce saturated solution of potassium nitrate in 50 grams of water at 313 K? (b) Pragya makes a saturated solution of potassium chloride in water; 353 K and leaves the solution to cool at room temperature. What would she observe as the solution cools? Explain. (c) Find the solubility of each salt at 293 K. Which salt has the highest solubility at this temperature? (d) What is the effect of change of temperature on the solubility of a salt? [NCERT]
question_answer109) A group of students took an old shoe box and covered it with a black paper from all sides. They fixed a source of light (a torch) at one end of the box by making a hole in it and made another hole on the other side to view the light. They placed a milk sample contained in a beaker/tumbler in the box as shown in the figure. They were amazed to see that milk taken in the tumbler was illuminated. They tried the same activity by taking a salt solution but found that light simply passed through it. (a)Explain why the milk sample was illuminated. Name the phenomenon involved. (b) Same results were not observed with a salt solution. Explain. (c) Can you suggest two more solutions which would show the same effect as shown by the milk solution? [NCERT Exemplar]
question_answer110) Show diagrammatically how water is purified in the waterworks system and list the processes involved.
question_answer111) Explain why filter paper cannot be used to separate colloids.
question_answer112) What is the reason for running cold water through condenser fro lower side to upper side in distillation process?
question_answer113) Can we separate alcohol dissolved in water by using a separating funnel? If yes, then describe the procedure. If not, explain. [NCERT Exemplar]
question_answer114) Under which category of mixtures will you classify alloys and why? (a) A solution is always a liquid. Comment. (b) Can a solution be heterogeneous?
question_answer115) The teacher instructed three students 'A', 'B' and 'C' respectively prepare a 50% (mass by volume) solution of sodium hydroxide NaOH in 'A' dissolved 50 g of NaOH in 100 mL of water, 'B' dissolved 50 g of NaOH in 100 g of water while 'C' dissolved 50 g of NaOH water to make 100 mL of solution. Which one of them has made the desired solution and why? [NCERT Exemplar]
question_answer116) You are given two samples of water labelled as 'A' and 'B'. Sample 'A' boils at 100°C and sample 'B' boils at 102°C. Which sample of water will not freeze at 0°C? Comment. [NCERT Exemplar]
question_answer117) State which of the following solutions exhibit Tyndall effect? Starch solution, sodium chloride solution, tincture of iodine, air.
question_answer118) State one instance where water undergoes a physical change and one in which it undergoes a chemical change.
question_answer119) Identify homogeneous mixtures from the following soda water, soil, vinegar, unfiltered tea.
question_answer120) Write dispersed phase and dispersed medium of emulsion.
question_answer121) How many elements are known to us till today?
question_answer122) Give two examples of suspension.
question_answer123) Why particles in a true solution cannot be seen with naked eyes?
question_answer124) List the two conditions essential for using distillation as a method for separation of the components from a mixture.
question_answer125) How will you justify that rusting of iron is a chemical change?
question_answer126) Give one test to show that brass is a mixture and not a compound.
question_answer127) Choose the chemical change out of the following Digestion of food, freezing of water, glowing of electric lamp, mixture of iron filings with sulphur.
question_answer128) How many elements are naturally occurring?
question_answer129) Give one example of two miscible liquids where distillation can be used for separating them.
question_answer130) Which type of solution is formed when milk and water is mixed uniformly?
question_answer131) Name the process used to obtain pure copper sulphate from impure sample.
question_answer132) Write one property of colloids.
question_answer133) Which method is mostly used for the purification of solids?
question_answer134) Name two metals which exist as liquids above 30°C.
question_answer135) Which of the tubes in figure (a) and (b) will be more effective as a condenser in the distillation apparatus?
question_answer136) Salt can be recovered from its solution by evaporation. Suggest some other technique for the same.
question_answer137) While diluting a solution of salt in water, a student by mistake added acetone (boiling point 56°C).What technique can be employed to get back the acetone? Justify your choice.
question_answer138) You are given two samples of water labelled as A and B. Sample A boils at 100°C and sample B boils at 102°C. Which sample of water will not freeze at 0°C? Comment.
question_answer139) Why silicon and germanium are metalloid?
question_answer140) What is fractionating column?
question_answer141) How can you separate particles of colloidal solution? Name the process.
question_answer142) What is meant by man-made elements?
question_answer143) Which non-metal is liquid at room temperature?
question_answer144) Which metal is liquid?
question_answer145) What are the favourable qualities given to gold when it is alloyed with copper or silver for the purpose of making ornaments?
question_answer146) Four students prepared mixtures in water by taking sugar, sand, chalk powder and starch respectively, in four different test tubes. After stirring, which mixture appeared clear and transparent?
question_answer147) Rohit mixed starch with water, boiled the mixture well and stirred it. What did he observe?
question_answer148) You are provided with a mixture of iron filings and sulphur powder. When you add carbon disulphide to the mixture, what would you observe?
question_answer149) In the laboratory, carbon disulphide is used as a solvent to separate a mixture of iron filings and sulphur powder. What precaution has to be taken with carbon disulphide?
question_answer150) In an experiment to separate the components of a mixture of sand, common salt and ammonium chloride, which component will be removed by filtration?
question_answer151) The following substances are added to water in four separate beakers (as shown in the figure) and stirred well. A transparent and homogeneous solution is formed in which beaker?
question_answer152) Tincture of iodine has antiseptic properties. How it is prepared?
question_answer153) A student mixes white of an egg with water and stirs it well. After sometime what did he observe?
question_answer154) What name is given to process of rusting of an article made up of iron and what type of change is it?
question_answer155) Ramu was asked to separate a mixture of common salt and ammonium chloride. Why he used sublimation to separate ammonium chloride?
question_answer156) A mixture of ammonium chloride and sodium chloride heated in the apparatus as shown below. After the experiment, at which place ammonium chloride will be obtained.
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