Category : 7th Class
We have discussed about the addition, subtraction, multiplication and division of the arithmetic expression into previous chapter. In this chapter, we will discuss about the operation on algebraic expression.
It is the combination of constants and variables along with the fundamental operations \[(+,\,-,\,\,\times ,\,\,\div )\]
Terms: It is the part of an algebraic expression which is separated by the sign of addition and subtraction.
\[5{{x}^{4}}{{y}^{2}},35{{x}^{4}}{{y}^{2}}-13{{x}^{2}}y,6xy,-3\] is an algebraic expression having \[8{{x}^{3}}{{y}^{2}},-4{{x}^{2}}y,6xy,-3\] as its term.
Like and Unlike Terms
The terms having similar variable(s) are called like terms otherwise it is unlike. In an algebraic expression \[5{{x}^{4}}{{y}^{2}},-13{{x}^{2}}y+6xy-3-35{{x}^{4}}{{y}^{2}};5{{x}^{4}}{{y}^{2}},35{{x}^{4}}{{y}^{2}}\]are like terms and are unlike terms.
Types of Algebraic Expression
Monomials
An algebraic expression which contains one term is called monomial. i.e. \[3x,4x,-xy,{{b}^{2}}a\] etc. are monomials.
Binomials
An algebraic expression which contains two terms is called binomial. i.e. \[x+y,a-b,{{b}^{2}}a+{{a}^{2}}b\] etc. are binomials.
Trinomials
An algebraic expression which contains three terms is called trinomial.
i.e. \[\left( x+y+z \right),\text{ }\left( a+b+c \right),\text{ }\left( {{a}^{2}}+{{b}^{2}}+{{a}^{2}}{{b}^{2}} \right)\]etc. are trinomials.
i.e. \[\left( a-b-c+d \right),\left( x+y+z-c \right)\]etc. are quadrimonials.
Polynomials
An algebraic expression in which the variables have only non-negative integral power is called polynomial.
Degree of Polynomial
In case of one variable, the highest power of variable is the degree of polynomial e.g \[5{{x}^{4}}-4{{x}^{2}}+6x-3\] is a polynomial of degree 4. If polynomial is in the more than one variable then the highest sum of degree of the variables in each term is the degree of polynomial. e.g. \[8{{x}^{3}}{{y}^{2}}-4{{x}^{2}}y+6xy-3\]is a polynomial of degree 5.
Linear Polynomial
A polynomial of one degree is called linear polynomial.
\[p\left( x \right)=6x-3\] is a linear polynomial.
Quadratic Polynomial
A polynomial of two degree is called quadratic polynomial.
\[q(x)=4x2+3x+45\] is a quadratic polynomial.
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