Category : 7th Class
In this case we observe that the interest paid by borrower is same for every year.
There are different methods to calculate the interest in case of bank transaction loan etc. In these methods, interest is calculated either quarterly, half yearly or yearly, what so ever may be the case. i.e. The agreement between the lender and borrower on the principle. The amount after that first fixed interval of time will be principle for second interval of time, the amount after second interval of time will be the principle for the third interval and so on. The interest paid by borrower under the above conditions is called compound interest.
Abbreviation used in Interest
Find the compound interest on a sum of $ 1500 for two years at the rate opf 5% per annum compounded annually.
Solution:
The following steps are followed
Step 1: Principle for the first year = $ 1500, Time (T) =1 year R = 5 % p.a.
\[S.I.=\frac{P\times R\times T}{100}=\frac{1500\times 5\times 1}{100}\$75\]
Amount after 1st year \[=\$1500+\$75=\$1575\]
Step 2: Principle for second year = $ 1575, Time = 1 year, R = 5 %
\[S.I.=\frac{P\times R\times T}{100}=\frac{1575\times 5\times 1}{100}\$78.75\]
The amount after second year \[=\$1575+\$\] \[78.75=\$1653.75\]
Therefore, the compound interest \[=A-P\]
\[=\$1653.75-\$1500=\$153.75\]
Form the above discussion we conclude that
Find the compound interest on $15,000 for 2 year at 8 % per annum.
(a) Rs 2496
(b) Rs 2393
(c) Rs 2293
(d) Rs 2593
(e) None of these
Answer: (a)
Explanation
Step 1: Principle for 1st year =$ 15,000, time (T) = 1 years, R = 8 % p.a.
\[S.I.=\frac{P\times R\times T}{100}=\frac{15000\times 8\times 1}{100}\$1200\]
The amount after 1st year =$15,000 +$ 1,200 = $16,200
Step 2: Principle for the second year = Amount after 1st year =$ 16,200
Time (T) = 1 year, R = 8 % P.a.
\[S.I.=\frac{P\times R\times T}{100}=\frac{15000\times 8\times 1}{100}\$1296\]
Amount after 2nd year =$16200 +$ 1296 = $17496
Compound interest (C.I.) =Amount - Principle
=$ 17496-$15000 =$ 2496
Calculating Compound Interest by using Formula
Apart from calculating compound interest by compounding the interest annually which has been described earlier), we can calculate it directly by using formula.
Formula is as follows:
If principle is P, rate of interest is R % per annum compounded annually and time is T then the amount A is:
\[A=P{{\left( 1+\frac{R}{100} \right)}^{T}}\]and \[C.I.=A-P\]
\[\Rightarrow C.I.=P{{\left( 1+\frac{R}{100} \right)}^{T}}\]\[-P\Rightarrow C.I.=P\left\{ {{\left( 1+\frac{R}{100} \right)}^{T}}-1 \right\}\]
Some Special Cases
Suppose principle = P, Time = t years and rate of interest = R %.
In this case time will be doubled and rate of interest will become half .
In this case the time will be four times and rate will become one fourth.
Find the compound interest on Rs 12,000 for 3 years at 20% per annum.
(a) Rs 8076
(b) Rs 8736
(c) Rs 3524
(d) Rs 3250
(e) None of these
Answer: (b)
Explanation
First of all calculate the compound interest on Rs. 100 for 3 years at the rate of 20% per annum.
Principal for the first year = Rs 100
Interest for the first year \[=Rs\frac{100\times 20\times 1}{100}=Rs20\]
\[\therefore \]Amount at the end of first year = Rs 100 +Rs 20 = Rs 120
Now principal for the second year = Rs 120.
Interest for the second year \[=Rs\frac{120\times 20\times 1}{100}=Rs24\]
\[\therefore \]Amount at the end of second year = Rs 120 + Rs Rs 24 =Rs144
Now principal for the third year = Rs 144
Interest for the third year \[=Rs\frac{144\times 20\times 1}{100}=Rs28.80\]
\[\therefore \]Amount at the end of third year = Rs 144 + Rs 28.80 = Rs 172.80
Now amount on Rs 100 = Rs 172.80
Amount on \[Rs1=Rs\frac{172.80}{100}\]
Hence, amount on \[Rs12,000=Rs\frac{172.80}{100}\times 12,000=20,736\]
Compound interest = Amount - Principal = Rs 20,736 - Rs12, 000 = Rs 8.736
A sum of Rs 1300 is lend into two parts so that interest on the 1st 3 years at 5 % may be equal to the interest at the second part for 4 year at 6 %. The 1st sum is:
(a) Rs 800
(b) Rs 600
(c) Rs 500
(d) Rs 400
(e) None of these
Answer: (a)
Explanation
Let the 1st sum be Rs. 100. Interest on Rs 100 for 3 year at 5 % is Rs 15. As the interest on the second sum is also the same as that or the 1st sum.
The second sum \[=\frac{15\times 100}{4\times 6}=\frac{125}{2}.\] Hence, the ratio of the sums
\[=100:\frac{125}{2}=200:125=8:5\]so, the 1st sum \[=\frac{8}{13}\times 1300=Rs800.\]
Find the compound interest on Rs 33,280 for 3 years, if the rate of interest is \[\text{12}\frac{1}{2}%\]% p.a.
(a) Rs 14,102
(b) Rs 14,105
(c) Rs 15,207
(d) Rs 16,209
(e) None of these
Answer: (b)
Explanation
Here, \[P=33,280,R=12\frac{1}{2}=\frac{25}{2},n=3\]
We know that\[A=P{{\left( 1+\frac{R}{100} \right)}^{n}}\]
\[=Rs=33,280{{\left( \frac{9}{8} \right)}^{3}}=Rs33,280\frac{9}{8}\times \frac{9}{8}\times \frac{9}{8}=Rs47,385\]
\[\therefore \]Compound interest = Amount - Principal = 47,385 - 33,280 = Rs 14,105
(i) \[A=P{{\left( 1+\frac{R}{100} \right)}^{T}}\]
(ii) \[C.I.=A-P\]
(iii) \[C.I=P\left\{ {{\left( 1+\frac{R}{100} \right)}^{T}}-1 \right\}\]
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