Category : 8th Class
Data Handling
(i) When the number of observations is large, we make use of tally marks to find the frequencies.
(ii) Tallies are usually marked in a bunch of five for the sake of easy counting.
(i) When the list of observations is long, the data is usually organised into groups called class intervals and the data so obtained is called a grouped data.
(ii) The lower value of a class interval is called its lower limit and the upper value is called its upper limit.
(iii) The difference between the upper and lower class limits is called the width or the size of the class interval.
(iv) The mid-value of a class interval is called its class mark.
(i) Histogram: A histogram is a pictorial representation of the grouped data in which class intervals are taken along the horizontal axis and class frequencies along the vertical axis and for each class a rectangle is constructed with the class interval as the base and the class frequency as the height.
There is no gap between the bars in a histogram as there is no gap between the class intervals.
(ii) Bar graph: In a bar graph, bars of uniform width are drawn with various heights. The height of a column represents the frequency of the corresponding observation.
(iii) Double bar graph: A double bar graph shows two sets of data simultaneously. It is useful to compare data related to two variables.
\[\operatorname{Central}\,\,angle\,for\,a\,\,component=\frac{Value\,of\,the\,component}{Total\,value} 36{{0}^{o}}\]
The probability of event A is the number of ways A can occur divided by the total number of possible outcomes.
\[\operatorname{P}\left( A \right)=\frac{The\,number\,of\,ways\,event\,A\,can\,occurr}{The\,total\,number\,of\,possible\,outcome{s}'}\]
when the outcomes are equally likely.
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