Types Of Cells
Category : 11th Class
Chatton gave the term prokaryote and eukaryote. Depending upon the nature of nucleus cells are classified. Incipient nucleus is present in prokaryotes, where as in eukaryotes well organised nucleus is present.
Differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell
| Prokaryotic cell |
Eukaryotic cell |
|
It is a single membrane system. |
It is a double membrane system. |
|
Cell wall surrounds the plasma membrane. |
Cell wall surrounds the plasma membrane in some protists, most fungi and all plant cell. Animal cell lacks it. |
|
Cell wall is composed of peptidoglycans. Strengthening material is murein. |
It is composed of polysaccharide. Strengthening material is chitin in fungi and cellulose in others plants. |
|
Cell membrane bears respiratory enzymes. |
It lacks respiratory enzymes. |
|
Cytoplasm lacks cell organelles e.g., Mitochondria, ER, Golgi body etc. |
Cytoplasm contains various cell organelles. |
|
Ribosomes are only 70 S type. |
Ribosomes are both 80 S and 70 S type. |
|
There are no streaming movements of cytoplasm. |
Cytoplasm show streaming movements. |
|
Nuclear material is not enclosed by nuclear envelope and lies directly in cytoplasm. It is called nucleoid. |
It is enveloped by nuclear envelope. Nucleus is distinct from cytoplasm. |
|
DNA is circular and not associated with histones proteins. |
Nuclear DNA is linear and associated with histone proteins extranuclear DNA is circular and histones protein free. |
|
Sexual reproduction absent but parasexuality present. |
Sexual reproduction is present. |
|
Cell division mostly amitotic. |
Cell division is typically mitotic. |
Mesokaryon : Dodge gave the term ‘Mesokaryon’ for dinoflagellates. These are intermediate type of cell organisation in dinophyceae of algae. In mesokaryotic there is present a true or eukaryotic nucleus with definite nuclear membrane and chromosomes.
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