Multiplication of two Numbers
Only
numbers are involved in this types of problems, the following are the correct steps that are used in it.
Step I:
Write down the numbers to be multiplied in columns as shown below:
Where, T = Tens and 0 = Ones
Step II:
Multiply ones as below:
Write down under ones column as below:
Step III:
Multiply tens as shown below:
Write 2 under tens column.
Now, add 2 tens and 4 ones = 24 
Introduction
Multiplication is a repeated addition. Let's understand this through an example: How many eggs are there in the two boxes given below?
Here,
Number of boxes
Number of eggs in each box
Total number of eggs in the two boxes: 
eggs.
But in short, we can write as :
[x' is the sign of multiplication]
Now, we can say that
two's is equal to
ormultiplied by
is equal to.
In other words, we say that the product of andisandis called multiplication fact.
Similarly
because
Thus Multiplication is a faster way for adding the same number again and again. 
Word Problems
In this section, we will learn about some real life examples based on subtraction.
There are
students in a class. 
students were absent on Monday. How many students were present on Monday?
(a) 
(b) 
(c) 
(d) 
Answer (b)
Explanation -
Serena has
apples. She eats
of them. How many apples has she now?
(a) 
(b)
(c)
(d) 
Answer (d)
Explanation
Smith buys two dozen of eggs from a shop. Later he finds that eggs are broken. How many eggs are in good condition?
(a) 
(b)
(c)
(d)
Answer (b)
Williams haspens. He gives
pens to Steve and
pens to Jack. How many pens have left with him now?
(a) 
(b) 
(c)
(d)
Answer (a)
Explanation -
The distance between two cities is
kilometer. The train that runs between these two cities stops after everykilometer. How much distance the train will have to travel after 3rd stop to reach the final destination?
(a) 
km
(b) 
km
(c) 
km
(d) km
Answer (b)
Explanations-
Distance covered till third stop =km Total distances =km. Therefore, 
km 
Subtraction of Figures
When a number represents something particular, then it becomes a figure.
For example:
hours, 
apples.
minutes,
rupees etc.
hours -
hours = hours
Solution:
Subtraction of Images
Similarly,
Now it is clear how images are subtracted.
Subtraction of Five Numbers
To subtract the five numbers, the subtraction pattern remains same as discussed in the previous topic.
Solution:
1st We add the numbers with '-' (minus) sign and write the result.
Now subtract
from
. 
Take another example:
Solution:
add
and
(Numbers with minus sign) and write the result.
Now add
and
(numbers with + Sign) 
Now subtract
from
. 
Subtraction of Four Numbers
Let's understand it through the examples given below:
Solution:
First add
and
as
Now subtract
Here, first add
and
and write the result with - sign.
Now add
and
and write the result with + sign.
Now subtract
from
.
Subtraction of Three Numbers
Remember the steps for the subtraction:
Step I: Add the numbers having '-' (minus) sign and write the result with - sign.
Step II: Add the numbers having '+' (plus) sign and write the result with + sign. This method is applied when addition and subtraction are given simultaneously.
Step lll: Finally subtract the numbers.
Note: This method goes same for any subtraction. No matter, how many numbers are involved in the given subtraction problem. In another words this method is applied for the subtraction of
numbers;
numbers; 
numbers; 
numbers and so on.
Solution:
Step I:
Step II is not applicable here.
Step III:
Here, step I is not applicable so we move towards the Step II as
Now step III goes as
Subtraction of two Numbers
Let's understand it by the examples given below:
Solution:
Here, we cannot subtract
from
(or ones from
ones) so we borrow (orten) leaving behind
(ortens) and then the format becomes as below:
Thus the process goes for any subtraction where ones of the greater number is less than ones of the smaller number.
Solution:
Addition of Figures
When a number represents something it becomes a figure. Addition of figures is done in the same way as the addition of numbers for example,
pencils,
coins,
ice creams etc. are called figures.
pencils +
pencils = 
pencils
Solution:
pencils +pencils
homes +
homes + 
homes
homes.
Solution:
Addition of Five Numbers
For the addition of five numbers follow the rules given below:
Step I: Add the 1st three numbers.
Step II: Add the remaining two numbers.
Step III: Add step I and step II.
To get this result follow the method:
Step I:
Step II:
Step III:
Step I + Step II,
Again to get this result we follow the same three steps.
Step I:
Step II:
Step III:
Step I + Step II,
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