Types of Animals on the Basis of their Habitat
Terrestrial Animals
Terrestrial animals either live on the land or inside burrows below the surface. These animals have well developed systems of locomotory organs (like legs, skin, and wings) and breathing organs (Lungs, skin, etc.) to breathe in oxygen. All other systems including sensory organs are well suited for the survival. For example, the human beings, rabbits, mouse etc.
Rabbits Mouse
Aerial Animals
Animals like birds, some insects live maximum in air. Their bones are light and hollow to make their movements easy in air. They fly with the help of wings. Look at the following picture of aerial animals:
Flying fish Bat Graylag gees
Arboreal Animals
Animals spending maximum time on trees are called as arboreal animals. They have opposable thumb to hold branches of the trees.
Look at the following picture of arboreal animals:
Monkey Chimpanzee Gorilla
Aquatic Animals
Aquatic animals live in water. They have stream lined body to swim easily in water. They have gills as breathing organs. Whales are aquatic but they have lungs for breathing.
Look at the following picture of aquatic animals:
Seahorse Whale Dolphin
Amphibians
Some animals can live both on land and in water. These are called amphibians. more... 
Adaptation in Animals
Animals have unique capacity to adapt themselves to survive in their surroundings.
Animals adapt themselves for the following:
(A) To live in a particular area
(B) To protect themselves from enemies
(C) To protect themselves from the extreme conditions or weather
(D) To overcome food scarcity
Animals living in cold places have thick layer of fat inside their skin to provide warmth to the body. For example: Polar bear that lives in extreme cold conditions of poles. Animals of hot areas like deserts, have thick skin with less hair to protect themselves from hot conditions. For example: Camels. Animal like zebra has stripes on their body to protect themselves from enemies. Similarly chameleon changes its colour according to the surrounding. Few animals undergo hibernation and few animals undergo aestivation process to hide themselves from the extreme hot and cold conditions. In hibernation frogs, snakes, snails, polar bear etc. go underground to sleep for a long period in winter. Whereas animals like crocodiles salamanders become inactive in summer called as aestivation. Snakes and lizards have scaly skin to protect themselves from drying
Aestivation and hibernation are adaptation against
(a) Protection from enemies
(b) Extreme hot and cold condition
(c) Living in a particular area
(d) Both (a) and (b)
(e) None of these
Answer: (b)
Explanation
When the weather is too cold, animals go into burrows for long sleep called hibernation. Similarly when weather is too hot they go for aestivation. Therefore, option (b) is correct and rest of the options is incorrect.
The animal in the given figure has:
(a) Thick skin with less hair
(b) Thin skin with more hair
(c) Thick layer of fat under skin
(d) Thick layer of fur on their body
(e) Both (c) and (d)
Answer: (e)
Explanation
Polar bear lives in extreme cold condition. They have thick fur on their body and is also a thick layer of fat under skin to protect themselves from cold. Therefore, option (e) is correct and rest of the options is incorrect. 
Birds
Birds are the member of the animal kingdom that can fly and have feathers all over the body. But there are certain animals like bat, which is a mammal but can fly. Similarly there are certain birds like ostrich, penguins, kiwi etc. those do not fly.
General Features of Bird
Light and hollow bones;
Feather all over the body;
Lay eggs instead of giving birth to young ones;
Beak in place of teeth;
Wings in place of fore legs which make birds a special organism;
Build nests using leaves, straw, cotton, twigs etc;
Have a tail which is also made up of feathers;
They have claws to catch food and build nests;
Boat shaped body to float easily in air;
Well developed respiratory system because of high oxygen demand for flying;
Circulatory system similar to that of human;
Scales are found on the toes and ankle of some birds.
Look at the following picture of the body parts of a bird:
Movement in Birds
Birds, with the help of flight muscles, show mainly two movements. When the wings move upwards/ it is called up strokes. When it moves downwards it is called down strokes. Movement in birds are also different. Some birds like pigeon flies long distances, whereas peacock/ hen fly only short distances. Carnivores birds like eagle, vulture etc. fly at great heights. Some birds do not show movement in air. They are called flightless birds. E.g. ostrich, kiwi, penguin etc.
Look at the following picture of flightless birds:
Kiwi Penguin Ostrich
Bird s Claws
Mostly birds have four toes in each foot and each toe has one claw. But ostrich has two toes. Claws help the bird to catch its prey or to hold and eat the food. It also help in swimming, climbing and perching etc.
Different types of birds have different types of claws which perform different function. Claws of sparrows, crows, pigeons etc. help them to sit on the branches by griping it. These birds are called perching birds. Scratching birds like hen and peacock dig the ground to take out tiny insects with the help of claws.
Woodpecker or hoopoe holds on to a tree. Therefore, in their claws pair of toes are in opposite direction. These birds are called climbing birds. Aquatic birds have webbed feet which help them in swimming .Toes are joined together by skin giving flat appearance. Wading birds like heron, more... 
Flow of Energy from One to Another
It is a chain of various organism which represents who is eaten by whom. In this chain one organism eats another organism and in return eaten by other organism. It depicts the flow of energy from one level to another. Plants are first member of the chain because they produce food and hence called producer. Herbivores like deer, grasshopper eat plants and are called primary consumer. Carnivores like snake lion, tiger eat herbivores, hence they are called as secondary consumer.
Look at the following picture of flow of energy from plants to animal and animals to animals:
Producer Primary consumer Secondary consumer
Plants prepare food in the presence of sunlight. We can say that sunlight is the ultimate source of energy. This shows the energy flow from one level to another. In the above food chain, plant is not only eaten by goat but also by humans. Goat is not only eaten by tiger but by humans also. Human can eat both plants and animals. One organisms can be eaten by more than one organisms. This type of network of different food chains are called food web.
One animal can be eaten by more than one animal. The above statement is:
(a) True
(b) False
(c) Partially true
(d) Partially false
(e) None of these
Answer: (a)
Explanation
It is not necessary that plants can be eaten by cattle's only but human beings can also eat plant. Similarly goat is not only eaten by tigers and lions but also by human beings. This type of network of many food chains are called as food web. Therefore, option (a) is correct and rest of the options is incorrect.
Which one of the given organisms in the food chain represents the primary consumer?
(a) Plant
(b) Rat
(c) Snake
(d) All of these (e) None of these
Answer: (b) more... 
Pet
Pets are animals which we keep in our houses like a family member. We feed them and take care of them. These animals are dogs, cats etc.
Animals like cows, buffaloes, goat, sheep, camel, horses etc. are helpful to us in our day to day life. We get milk from cow, buffalo, goat .We obtain wool from sheep. On the other hand animals like horses, donkeys, camels are used to carry heavy load. In return we feed them with food and give shelter. These animals are tamed according to our needs. They are called domestic animals. Whenever these animals fall sick or feel unwell, we take them to the veterinary hospital where they are treated well and given medicines by the veterinary doctor. Animals are our friend, we should treat them with love and care.
Food chain shows the transfer of _______ from one organism to another.
(a) Food resources
(b) Water
(c) Energy
(d) All of these
(e) None of these
Answer: (c)
Explanation
Food chain shows the transfer of energy from one organism to another. Therefore, option (c) is correct and rest of the options is incorrect.
When animals fall sick, they are taken to:
(a) School
(b) Veterinary hospital
(c) Canteen
(d) Forest
(e) All of these
Answer: (b)
Explanation
Pets, if fall sick are taken to the veterinary hospital for treatment. Therefore, option (b) is correct and rest of the options is incorrect.
The giraffes tongue can stretch out up to 46 cm to gather leaves from the tall trees.
The gorilla is the biggest ape.
A dolphin is a small whale.
Whales come to the surface regularly to take breaths.
About one third of all snakes are poisonous. Non poisonous snakes either crush their prey to death or simply swallow it whole.
Humming bird is the smallest bird which could easily fit in the palm of a hand
Bees, wasps, ants, termites and some fishes also make nests.
Tiny plants and animals drifting in water is called a plankton.
One of the smallest mammal is bird.
Frogs and toads make up the biggest group of amphibians.
Animals living in very hot places have long ears and tails to help their bodies to lose heat. Plant Kingdom
Like all other living things, plants also perform metabolic procedures in order to survive. In this chapter, we will study about the different types of plants and their characteristics features.
Characteristics of Plants
Need food to grow.
Need oxygen for breathing purpose.
Do not move from one place to another like animals. But they also show movements. For example, folding of leaves of mimosa pudica on touching, bending of sunflower towards Sun, blooming of flower from buds and trapping of insects by insectivorous plants.
Plants prepare food for themselves in the presence of air, water and sunlight.
Plants reproduce their own kind.
Plants also respond to stimuli with the help of their sense organs. But sense organs of plants are not highly developed as that of animals.
The smallest unit of plant body is cell.
Plants can adapt themselves in different climatic conditions.
We see different types of plants in our surrounding. Soil, water, rain, sunlight affects the growth of the plants. Plants are the living organism that traps Sun's energy and produce food in the presence of water and carbon dioxide. This process is called photosynthesis, and it occurs in the green leaves. Leaves are called as the kitchen of the plant. Plants are called producer as animals like sheep, goat, cow, camel etc. depend on the plants for their food supply as a whole.
Classification of Plants on the Basis of their Habitat
Terrestrial plants: Plants growing on land are called terrestrial plants. For example, mango tree, oak tree, shesham tree, papaya tree etc.
Oak tree Mango tree Shesham tree
Aquatic plants: Plants which grow in water are called aquatic. Examples: water hyacinth, lotus, lily, etc.
Classification of Terrestrial Plants on The Basis of Their Habitat
Look at the following flow chart of the types of terrestrial plants:
Classification of Aquatic Plants on The Basis of Their Habitat
Look at the following picture of the types more... 
Parts of a Plant
Look at the following picture of different parts of a plant:
Parts of Plant used as Food
We eat roots of radish, carrot, sweat potato, turnip, beetroot etc. Spinach, mint, cabbage, coriander etc. are leaves where food is stored and which is « used as a source of food. Cauliflower and broccoli are flowers eaten as food. Papaya, mango, orange, guava, banana plants store food in their fruits.
Look at the following table to understand the edible parts of the plants:
| Name of plants | Edible parts | Edible raw or cooked |
| Bringle | Fruit | Cooked |
| Potato | Stem | Cooked |
| Apple | Fruit | Raw |
| Radish | Root | Both raw and cooked |
| Spinach | more...
 Plant's Roots
Many plants have one main root and many small roots to grow from it. Such kinds of roots are called as tap root.
Cereals like rice, wheat, grasses, garlic and onion have many small roots growing from the stem. There is no single main root. It gives the roots a bushy appearance called adventitious root.
Look at the following picture of different types of roots:
 
 Which one of the following parts of a plant hold firmly in the ground?
(a) Root
(b) Leaf
(c) Stem
(d) Fruit
(e) Seed
Answer: (a)
Explanation
Root hold a plant firmly in the ground. Therefore, option (a) is correct and rest of the options is incorrect.
 Choose the correct option for the following figure.
(a) Fibrous root
(b) Tap root
(c) Prop root
(d) All of these
(e) None of these
Answer: (b)
Explanation
In the given figure one main root has been branched into many thinner roots, therefore this is tap root. Therefore, option (b) is correct and rest of the options is incorrect.  Plant's Shoot System
The parts of the plant, which grow above the ground are called shoot of the plant.
All the other parts of the plants, except root, grows from it. Stem are again divided into many branches over which flower, leaves, fruits etc. grows.
Big plants like mango, apple, neem etc. have very strong stem (trunk). They are called trees. Whereas plants like cereals, pulses have very weak stem hence they are called herbs. Shrubs lies in between tree and herbs. Shrubs are not as big and strong as trees and not as small and weak like herbs. Rose and hibiscus have hard and woody stem hence called shrubs.
  
There are some plants like grapevine, money plants etc. that have very weak and thin stem and can't even stand of their own. They take the support of ground, wall or other plants for climbing.
 Flower in a plant comes under which one of the following parts of plant?
(a) Root
(b) Shoot
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of these
(e) All of these
Answer: (b)
Explanation
Flower of a plant is its shoot part. Therefore, option (b) is correct and rest of the options is incorrect.
 Which one of the following has strongest stem?
(a) Herbs
(b) Shrubs
(c) Trees
(d) None of these
(e) All of these
Answer: (c)
Explanation
Trees has the strongest stem. Therefore option (c) is correct and rest of the options is incorrect.  Plant's Leaves
Part of plant where food is manufactured is called leaf of the plant. It is green in colour, because of the presence of a green pigment, called chlorophyll. Chlorophyll absorbs sunlight, and with the help of carbon dioxide and water makes food for the plant.
Carbon dioxide+\[Water\frac{Cholorphyll}{Sunlight}\] Glucose + Oxygen
This process is called photosynthesis.
Plants also carry out respiration process in which food formed in leaf is oxidized in the presence of oxygen to give energy. Carbon dioxide and water is also released in this process.
Glucose + oxygen ---> Energy + Carbon dioxide + water
Release and intake of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs through small opening in the leaves called stomata.
Look at the following:
Water loss from the plants also occurs through the stomata present on leaves, called transpiration. In some desert plants, like cactus, photosynthesis process is performed by stem as leaves in these plants are reduced to spines. Veins present on the leaves carry water and minerals from the soil to the leaf and also the food prepared in the leaves is carried to different parts of the plant. Venus fly trap, Bladderwort, pitcher plant etc. are carnivorous that trap insects and other animals.
Look at the following picture of bladderwort (A carnivorous plant):
There are some non green plants also called fungi, like mushrooms and moulds. They don't have chlorophyll and hence can't prepare food. They obtain their food from dead and decayed plants. Look at the following picture of mushroom plant:
 Consider the following statements:
Statement 1: All plants are green.
Statement 2: All green plants prepare its own food.
Which one of the following is correct about the above statements?
(a) Statement 1 is true and 2 is false
(b) Statement 2 is true and 1 is false
(c) Both statements 1 and 2 are false
(d) Both statements 1 and 2 are true
(e) None of these
Answer: (b)
Explanation
There are non-green plants also like mushroom that doesn't undergo the process of photosynthesis and depends on dead decayed parts of plants for its food. All green plants prepare their food. Therefore, option (b) is correct and rest of the options is incorrect. Current Affairs CategoriesArchive
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