Body parts
Human body consists of different parts. All of these parts have specific functions to perform. For example, we can see with the help of eyes and walk with the help of legs.
Flue Sense Organs
You know that we have five sense organs, which helps us to feel and know the world around us. Our sense organ and their functions are as follows:
Tongue
We can taste with the help of tongue. We can taste whether the food we eat is sweet, sour or salty with the help of taste buds located on the tongue.
Ear
We can hear the sounds with the help of ear. We can hear different sounds.
Eyes
We can see with the help of eyes. Whenever we see an object, an image of the object is formed inside our eye.
Nose
We can smell with the help of nose. We can distinguish between sweat and foul smell just because of our nose.
Skin
We can feel with the help of skin. Skin gives sensation of touch, heat, cold, pain, etc.
Human Organ Systems
Our body is made up of cells. Cells are the smallest unit of our body. Similar cells join to form a tissue. Different tissues together form an organ which performs specific function. A group of organs form an organ system. Following are the different organ systems:
Muscular System
Muscles are attached to the bones in our body. Muscles help the different parts of our body to move. All muscles together form the muscular system.
Digestive System
Digestive system performs the function of digesting the food that we eat. Organs involved in digestion are esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, mouth, etc.
Skeletal System
The bones in our body make the skeletal system. The skeleton gives shape and form to our body. It also protects the inner body parts from getting injured. There are 206 bones in an adult human body.
Skeleton of human body
Respiratory System
We breathe in air to survive. We use our nose to breathe. Inside our body, lungs and wind pipe help in breathing. The air we breathe in is called inhaled air. The air we give out is called exhaled air.
Nervous System
Our body is controlled by our brain. The brain has messengers called nerves to send the instructions to and from the sense organs. The brain and nerves make up our nervous system.
Excretory System
Excretory system cleans our body by throwing out unwanted stuff like urine, stool, etc.
Kidney
Reproductive System
The system through more... 
Rocks
Our earth is made up of rocks. Rocks are of many kinds and are very useful to us. For example, rocks like marble, granite, sandstone, etc. are used to make buildings. Pebbles, which are the small pieces of rocks, are used in making roads, in railway tracks, etc.
Some rocks, like diamond, ruby and emerald are used in jewelry.
Soil
Rain wind and the sunlight are continuously breaking the rocks of earth into smaller and smaller pieces, until they cannot break any further. These very tiny pieces of rocks form the soil on earth.
Soils are of different types and different colures. This is because different types of soils contain different particles.
Soil also contains air and water? Water trapped in the soil is called moisture.
Soil is useful to us in many ways.
(i) Plants take water from the soil to grow.
(ii) In soil, we grow vegetables and build our homes, roads, schools, etc.
(iii) Soil is also home to many animals, such as earthworms, beetles, and snails.
(iv) We get many valuable minerals from soil. For example, iron, gold, silver, etc.
Weather
Changes in weather is due to sun, wind and water vapours in the air.
Sunny Days
Morning and evening are cooler because the sun rays are slanting. Noon time is the hottest part of the day.
Windy and Cloudy Days
When wind blows slowly, it is called as a breeze. Strong winds along with rain or shower is called storm. The sun appears to hide on cloudy days. It is cooler on windy and cloudy days, than on sunny days.
Seasons
Changes in weather after few months are called changing seasons. There are mainly four seasons namely summer, winter, autumn and spring. Summer is the hottest more... 
Boy exerts force to throw ball
Different Types of Motion
These are three types of motion.
Uniform Motion
If a body travels equal distance in equal interval of time then it is called uniform motion.
For example, a car travels first 30 kilometres in one hour and next 30 kilometres again in are hour and so on then we can say that car is in uniform motion.
Car moving with uniform motion
Non Uniform Motion
If a body travels unequal distance in equal interval of time then it is called non uniform motion. For example, a car travels first 30 kilometres in one hour and next 30 kilometres in half an hour then we can say that car is in non-uniform motion.
Car moving with non uniform motion
Circular Motion
If a body travels on a circular path then it is called circular motion. For example, movements of a merry go round.
Merry go round moves in circular motion
Transport
Transport is the movement of people and goods from one place to another. It is performed by various modes such as road, rail, air, water, etc.
Means of Transport
Means of transport is divided into three categories:
(i) Land transport
(ii) Air transport
(iii) Water transport
Land Transport
Land transport is the most common and one of the oldest means of transport in this mode, transportation is done by road and rail.
Rood Transport
Road transport is the transport on roads for passengers and goods. For example cart bicycle rickshaw, car, scooter, bus, etc. Most of the countries of the world have aw de network of concrete roads. Vehicles move smoothly on these roads and carry goods people from one place to another.
Rail Transport
Rail transport is one of the cheapest and comfortable means of transport. For example train. Many countries of the world have a wide network of railways that is used to goods and passengers from one place to another place.
Air Transport
Air transport is the fastest means of transport. But it is also the most expensive means of transport. For example, aeroplane, helicopter, etc. you can cover thousands of kilometres in few hours by aeroplane.
Water Transport
The water transport is the cheapest means of transport. Most of the goods are transported to various countries by this mode. Water transport also helps us to move from more... 
Forest
Sun
The sun provides light and warmth to the earth. Plants make their food only in the presence of sunlight. The solar energy from the sun can be used as renewable sources of energy for lightening of streets, cooking food and for many other purposes.
Solar energy
Wind
Wind is an important natural resource. It is utilised as a renewable source of energy. Many wind mills have been set up all over the world to utilise wind energy.
Wind energy used in wind mill
Water
Water is essential for the existence of animals and plants. Energy of flowing water can be used for generating hydroelectric power.
Hydroelectric power
Minerals
Mineral is a natural resource that is hidden under the earth. Gold, silver, iron, copper, are few examples of minerals.
Gold in mineral form Silver in mineral form
Land
Land is the most important natural resource. All plants and vegetables grow on land.
Land
The earth appears flat to us because we see only a tiny part of it. But people who have travelled into space have been the round earth from there. People who travel into space are called astronauts. Astronauts who went to the moon also confirmed that the earth looks round from there.
Movements of the earth
The earth moves around the sun. We cannot feel the movement because the earth is moving very smoothly and slowly. Our earth shows two kinds of movements.
(i) Rotation
(ii) Revolution
Rotation
Our earth spins about an imaginary line. The imaginary line passes through the centre of the earth. It is also called the axis of the earth.
The spinning movement of the earth about its axis is called rotation.
Day and Night
The rotation of the earth causes day and night. The earth takes 24hours to rotate once on the axis.
Revolution
The earth moves round the sun on a fixed path known as orbit. This movement more... 
Safety on the Road
First Aid
The immediate help given to an injured person is called first aid. If you get hurt, call for an adult immediately. If you see an injured person, do not crowd around him or her. Call a doctor or an adult to give first aid. In case of small cuts and wounds, wash the area with water and wipe it with an antiseptic lotion. Then put a bandage or tie a clean handkerchief and wait for the doctor to arrive. We should have a first-aid box in our house and in school. A first-aid box should contain an antiseptic lotion like Dettol, scissors, Band-Aid, gauze, crepe bandage, antiseptic cream, a bottle of methylated spirit, a tape, etc. If you see an accident, you must try to stay calm. It will help you to remember what you need to do at that time.
Fainting
If a person has fainted, make him/her lie down for a while. Keep his/her head low to allow extra blood to reach the brain.
Insect Bite
Insect bites or stings are painful. To give relief apply a paste of baking soda and cold cream on the affected part. A soft pad soaked in ammonia water also gives relief. Apply calamine lotion if itching is there.
Bleeding Wounds
Do not panic or crowd around more... | Name of packing materials | Quantity |
| Bottle | more...
Fractions
Introduction
The Latin name of fraction is fractus. It means broken. It has two parts, upper and lower part. The upper part is called numerator and lower part is denominator.
Fractions in Its Lowest Term
The lowest term of a fraction is obtained by dividing numerator and denominator with common divisor. The lowest form of the fraction \[\frac{6}{9}\] is\[\frac{2}{3}\]. The lowest term of the fraction g is obtained by dividing the numerator and denominator with a common divisor 3.
(a) \[\frac{3}{8}\] (b) \[\frac{1}{2}\]
(c) \[\frac{1}{5}\] (d) All the above
(e) None of these
Answer (b)
Explanation: Total number of divisions is 8 and number of shaded parts is 4.
Therefore, shaded parts\[=\frac{4}{8}=\frac{1}{2}\].
Proper, Improper and Mixed Fractions
The fraction whose numerator is smaller than the denominator is called proper fraction. The fractions whose numerator is greater than the denominator is called improper fractions. A mixed fraction has both whole and fractional parts. The fraction \[3\frac{7}{3}\]is a mixed fraction.
(a) \[1\frac{3}{4}\] (b) \[1\frac{5}{3}\]
(c) \[5\frac{3}{4}\] (d) All the above
(e) None of these
Answer (a)
Explanation: Total number of parts in each figure = 4 number of shaded parts in are 4 and 3 respectively.
Therefore, shaded parts \[=\frac{4}{4}+\frac{3}{4}=1+\frac{3}{4}=1\frac{3}{4}\]
Fraction Represented on the Number Line
We can represent a fraction on a number line. In order to represent \[\frac{3}{4}\] on a number line, draw a line and mark a point A to represent 1. Now divide the gap between O and A into four equal parts. Let X, Y and Z by the points of division.
In the figure given above, the line OZ represents the fraction\[\frac{3}{4}\].
Unit Fraction
A fraction, whose numerator is 1 is called a unit fraction. For example, \[\frac{1}{5},\] \[\frac{1}{3},\] \[\frac{1}{10}\] \[\frac{1}{9},\] are unit fractions. Here denominators of all fractions are different but numerators are 1.
Time and Calendar
Introduction
SI unit (Standard International unit) of time is second. We know that 60 seconds = 1minute and 60 minutes = 1 hour. Calendar that we use today is actually adopted from gregarine calendar.
Time Indicating Watch
Watch indicates time. The face of watch is called its dial. Dial of a watch is divided into twelve big divisions from 1 to 12. The gaps among the numbers are divided into five small divisions each of which indicates a minute.
The name of days and months are arranged in a proper way in the calendars. In the given calendar, the name of the days are arranged in upper row for every month in the year. Clearly there are 52 weeks and a day in the year 2018.
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