Control Panel
Control Panel contains various components, such as Add Hardware and Add or Remove Program allows you to view and manipulate system settings and enables you to add hardware, add and remove software and create and delete user accounts.
The following table lists the various components in the Control Panel window:
| COMPONENT | DESCRIPTION |
| Add Hardware | Allows adding new hardware device to your computer. Control Panel contains a list of devices; you can add new hardware devices by selecting from a list of devices. You can also add new hardware by specifying the location of the driver installation files. |
| Accessibility Options | Allows configuring the accessibility of computer. This option contains various settings that enable you to change the behaviour of the hardware, such as keyboard and mouse of your computer. |
| Add or Remove Programs | Allows adding or removing program in computer. |
| Date and Time | Allows changing the stored date and time of computer. |
| Administrative Tools | Enables various tools, such as Security, Performance, Component Services and Service that allows viewing and con- figuring security and performance of your computer. |
| Display | Allows changing display setting, such as screensaver, back- ground desktop and colour settings of computer. |
| Network Connections | Allows creating and updating network connections, such as LAN and WAN. It also allows you to troubleshoot if you need to reconnect your computer to the network. |
| Folder Options | Allows configuring folders and files will be represented in the Windows Explorer window. |
| Fonts | Allows installing new fonts or removing an existing font. |
| Keyboard | Allows changing and verifying the settings of the key- board, such as repeat rate key of your computer. |
| Mouse | Allows configuring the pointer options, such as scroll speed of a mouse and double-click. You can also change the appearance of the mouse pointer for each task, such as resize. |
| Printers and Faxes | Allows viewing all the jobs queued for each printer, the file size, and status of each job. You can also set printing or faxing preferences, such as size of the paper. |
| User Accounts | Allows creating anew account of a user .You can also delete, change password of an existing user account from your computer. |
| Game Controller | Allows viewing and editing the game controllers connected to your computer. |
| Internet Options | Allows changing the browser settings and the Internet connections. |
| Allows configuring Microsoft Outlook. | |
| Sounds and Audio Devices | Allows changing the setting of sound card. You can also set the visibility of the volume more...
 System Requirements and Hardware Compatibility
While installing OS, such as Windows and Linux on your system, you first need to check your system hardware and software compatibility. According to OS, system requirement has been changed. It is mandatory to check your system configuration before installing any OS.
 Windows XP Operating System
The minimum hardware requirements for Windows XP-based computer are:
 Processor
Memory
64 MB of RAM or higher
Networking
10/100 Ethernet
Hard Drive
1.5 GB or more for extra features and applications.  Introduction to Microsoft Windows
Today in the world Windows Operating System is one of the largest selling GUI (Graphical User Interface) based operating system. In order to suit the requirement of various kinds of users, the Windows operating system is available in various versions. The first version of Windows was released in 1985. The different types of versions are Windows95, Windows98, Windows NT, Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Vista and Windows 7 as well. The Microsoft launched Windows XP operating system with lot of changes. Windows XP operating system was released in three versions namely XP Home, XP Professional and Media Center. Windows XP Professional has more corporate and networking features and Media Center contains various advance multimedia features. It allows you to set up your television and other entertainment systems including home theater through your computer. The release of Windows XP started the age of 64-bit OS, however, the initial versions were not 64-bit OS.  Introduction to Secondary Memory
 Floppy Disk Drive (FDD)
The floppy disk is a storage media that is used to store data permanently. It is made up of a flexible plastic called myler or vinyl plastic, which is coated with magnetic oxide. The floppy disk is also available typically 3.5, 5.25 or 8 inches in diameter with two versions. Floppy disk is a portable storage media but its reliability is very less. Normally floppy disk is available in single density or double density they can store data on one or both the surfaces of a diskette.
Hard Disk
The hard disk is another type of permanent storage media that is used to store huge volume of data. It is a reliable storage media. The storage capacity of hard disk is more than 160GB. A hard disk is physically composed of a series of flat, magnetically coated platters stacked on a spindle. A hard disk drive consists of many inflexible magnetic disks mounted on a motor. These disks are turned by high speeds motors. The stored data of hard disk is read and write by read/write heads. There are four types of hard disk available in market.
 These are the following:
ATA (Advanced Technology Attachment)
Its data transfer speed between hard disk and system is up to 100 MB per second.
Serial ATA
Its data transfer speed between hard disk and system is up to 600 MB per second.
Raid (Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disk)
This technology combines more than one hard disk in an array. It is reliable data storage. If one hard disk fails the data can be retrieved easily.
Pen Drive
Pen drive is a reliable and portable storage medium. It is also called USB drive. It does not require any expansion card or device driver to connect any peripheral to the computer.
 The floppy disk is a storage media that is used to store data permanently. Floppy disk is available in............inches diameter.
(A) 3.5
(B) 5.25
(C) 8
(D) All of these
(E) None of these
Answer: (d)
Explanation
Correct Option:
(D) The floppy disk is also available typically 3.5, 5.25 or 8 inches in diameter
Incorrect Option:
Rests of the options are invalid.
The hard disk is a type of permanent storage media used to store huge volume of data. It is a reliable storage media. The transfer speed of SATA hard disk is ................... MB per second.
(A) 100
(B) more...  Introduction to Primary Memory
 Semiconductors Memory
A material which is neither an insulator nor a conductor but can be chemically altered to be either one or zero, when required, is known as semiconductors memory. In manufacturing the electronic circuit (chips), silicon is the primary building blocks used in it. These silicon chips are an excellent semiconductors, thus used to conduct the processor and ultimately the computer or electronic circuits.
Random Access Memory (RAM)
There are two types of storage system of computers. These are primary memory and secondary memory. Primary memory is also called RAM (Random Access Memory) or temporary memory is the main memory of computer that is used to store data temporarily while the secondary memory, such as hard disk provides a means of permanently storing the information. RAM is a temporary memory that provides permission to Read and Write over the memory chip. But ROM allows only read permission. RAM is volatile by nature, which means that it needs continuous flow of electricity to keep its content safe. Otherwise as soon as the power is off, the content in the RAM is lost. There are two types of RAM.
 They are the following:
Dynamic RAM (DRAM)
Is one of the forms of semiconductor RAM. In an integrated circuit Dynamic RAM stores information which contains capacitors. In comparison to static RAM, Dynamic RAM is the most commonly used, though they are slower. In comparison to static RAM, Dynamic RAM holds approximately four times as much data of the same complexity.
Static RAM (SRAM)
Is a form of semiconductor memory. SRAM storage is based on the logic circuit known as a flip-flop, which retains the information stored in it as long as there is enough power to run the device. A static RAM chip can store only about one-fourth as much data as a DRAM chip of the same complexity. It does not require refreshing and is usually much faster than DRAM. It is also more expensive. SRAMs are usually reserved for use in caches.
Read-Only Memory (ROM)
ROM is a type of memory that stores the instructions, which are necessary for starting up the computer. It cannot be written like RAM because as the name implies they are read only memories. But, now few versions of ROM have been launched that includes multiple enhanced features of reading and writing.
The following are the types of ROM:
Programmable Read-Only Memory (PROM)
Is a type of ROM chip, which allows you to more...  System Software
Software is a computer program which gives the instruction to computer to produce desire output. Basically there are two types of software. They are application software and system software. Application software, such as banking system only takes input by user and generates output. System software, such as compiler, DOS (Disk Operating System), Windows and drivers, is a kind of software that controls the working of hardware and help in execution of a general user's application. System software performs various types of functions, such as storage management, file editing, resource accounting, 1/0 management and database management. System software can be further categorized into three types.
 They are the following:
 Skinware
The outermost parts of the computer are called Skin ware, such as cabinet of CPU. The main difference between hardware and skin ware is that hardware can be an internal or external part of computer while skin ware is only the mounted part. You can directly see the skin ware without opening or removing any other part.
Liveware
Live ware is also called human ware. The persons, such as computer programmer, operators and service engineers are directly or indirectly related with the computer are called liveware.
Firmware
The combination of hardware and software is called firmware. For example, programs are software and CDs are hardware but program loaded CDs are called firmware.
 An algorithm is a group of logical instruction that generates the output according to given input. These algorithms are written in Pseudo code. Pseudo code is an informal description of a computer program that is written in simple ..................
(A) 'C' language
(B) English language
(C) Machine language
(D) Assembly language
(E) None of these
Answer: (b)
Explanation
Correct Option:
(B) Pseudo code is an informal description of a computer program that is written in simple English.
Incorrect Option:
Rests of the options are invalid
Software is a computer program which can be categorized as application software and system software. Which one of the following is an example of system software?
(A) Banking system
(B) MS Word
(C) DOS
(D) All of these
(E) None of these
Answer :(C)
Explanation
Correct Option:
(C) DOS is system software.
Incorrect Option:
(A) Banking system is application software.
(B) MS Word is application software.
Computer programmer is responsible for developing computer program. Programmer is also called...................
(A) Skinware
(B) Firmware
(C) Liveware
(D) Analyzer
(E) None of these
Answer: (c) more...  High Level Languages
High Level Programming language is a type of advanced computer programming language. FORTRAN, C, Common Business-Oriented Language (COBOL), Prolog and PASCAL are some of the common examples of High Level Language.
 Main features of High Level Languages are the following:
 Low Level Languages
A type of programming language that provides little or no abstraction from computer microprocessor is known as Low Level Language. Assembly language and Machine are the common examples of low level programming language. Low-level programming languages are sometimes divided into two categories these are 1 GL and 2 GL. The following are the features of low level programming language:
 Machine Language
The machine language is also called 1GL. This language is directly processed by microprocessor. There is no need to any translator.
Assembly language
The assembly language is also called 2GL. This language is not directly processed by microprocessor. A translator namely Assembler converts it into machine language. The machine code is directly understood by microprocessor. Main features of assembly languages are: v Allows symbolic designation of memory locations. v Assembly language is very fast. The critical sections of programs written in higher level languages can be written in assembly to speed up sections. Changes should first be made in the source code of assembly language and then reassemble it to create a new object program.  Introduction to Programming Language
Computer programs are set of instructions that enable a computer to interact with the user, peripherals and information. These instructions are written in a language called computer programming language. The process of writing computer programs is called computer programming. Before writing a computer program first you develop an algorithm. An algorithm is a group of logical instruction that generates the output according to given input. These algorithms are written in Pseudo code. Pseudo code is an informal description of a computer program that is written in simple English. While writing a program using a computer programming language, such as C, you need to follow the syntax of that language. A programming language also provides operators that enable you to perform various tasks, such as computing and manipulating values of variables, comparing values of different variables of same data types and testing multiple conditions. After developing algorithm you need to develop flowchart.  Introduction to ASCII
ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) is a seven bit code which includes 128 characters. Basically it is a method of character encoding. In 128 characters, 33 are printable characters and 94 are non printable characters.
 ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) is a seven bit code. An ASCII code includes.....printable character.
(A) 94
(B) 33
(C) 128
(D) 31
(E) None of these
Answer: (b)
Explanation
Correct Option:
(C) An ASCII is a seven bit code which includes 33 printable characters and 94 non printable characters.
Incorrect Option:
Rests of the options are invalid.
The hexadecimal number system is based on 16. In hexadecimal number system 15 is represented by?
(A) A
(B) B
(C) E
(D) F
(E) None of these
Answer: (d)
Explanation
Correct Option:
(D) In hexadecimal number system 15 is represented by F.
Incorrect Option:
(A) In hexadecimal number system 10 is represented by A.
(B) In hexadecimal number system 11 is represented by B.
(C) In hexadecimal number system 14 is represented by E.
A number system with a base-2 is known as binary number system. The whole binary number system depends on two digits. These are..................
(A) 1 and 2
(B) 0 and 1
(C) 2 and 10
(D) 1 and 16
(E) None of these
Answer: (b)
Explanation
Correct Option:
(B) The whole binary number system depends on two digits these are 0 and 1, respectively.
Incorrect Option:
Rests of the options are invalid Current Affairs CategoriesArchive
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