Current Affairs 8th Class

      Fill in the blanks with suitable forms of verbs given in the brackets.       Snow __________ (fall) on the mountains. (Present Indefinite tense)   Answer: Snow falls on the mountains.         She _________ (speak) the truth. (Present Continuous Tense)   Answer: She is speaking the truth.         He __________ (visit) this place twice. (Present Perfect Tense)   Answer: He has visited this place twice.           The boys ___________ (play) cricket in the park for over an hour. (Present Perfect Continuous Tense)   Answer: The boys have been playing cricket in the park for over an hour.                 Fill in the blanks with suitable forms of verbs given in the brackets.       Vivek ________ (take) his meal now. (A) Has                                                                 (B) Took (C) Is taking                                                        (D) Had (E) None of these   Answer: (c) Explanation: Vivek is taking his meal now.         When I called him he ____________ (get) late for his office. (A) Is getting                                                      (B) Was getting (C) Has get                                                          (D) Gets (E) None of these   Answer: (b) Explanation: When I called him he was getting late for his office.  

    Future Tense   In Future Tense, a verb indicates that an action will take place in future.  

• Robert will go to London tomorrow.
• Robert will be going to London tomorrow.
• Robert will have gone to London tomorrow.
• Robert will have been going to London tomorrow.

In the above given sentences, the verbs 'will go', 'will be going', 'will have gone' and 'will have been going' show an action that will happen in future. These verbs are said to be in the Future Tense. Future Tense shows an action that will happen in future (coming) time.             Future Indefinite Tense The Future Indefinite Tense is used to express a supposed action, determination and to put questions. This tense shows an action to be done in general way in the future time.    

• A computer science professor of the University of Michigan will visit India.
• The group will say the Indian government can simply ignore their message.
• They will celebrate festival in the next month.

In the above given sentences, the verbs 'will visit', 'will say' and 'will celebrate' show an action to be done in the future time. These verbs are in Future Indefinite Tense.     Points to keep in mind :

• Future Indefinite Tense is used to show a future event.

   Example: Aryan will play in the room.

• Future Indefinite Tense is used when we plan to do something at the time of speaking.

   Example: It is hot. I will drink cold water.            Future Continuous Tense The Future Continuous Tense is used to indicate the continuity of a supposed action, possible actions or to put questions. This tense shows an action going on at some time in the future.  

• James will be going to Paris tomorrow.
• Indian Prime Minister will be arriving in Washington tomorrow.
• You will be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight.

In the above given sentences, the verbs 'will be going', 'will be arriving' and 'will be waiting' show an action going on at some time in the future. These verbs are in Future Continuous Tense.     Points to keep in mind :

• Future Continuous Tense is used to show an action in progress at some time in future.

  Example: We think, she will be playing when we start.

• Future Continuous Tense is used to show some future plan.

   Example: Alberto will be visiting the Taj Mahal for a week.                  Future Perfect Tense The Future Perfect Tense is used to indicate the completion more...

    Past Tense   When a verb indicates a completed action. It is known as Past Tense.  

• Michael played cricket.
• Michael was playing cricket.
• Michael had played cricket.
• Michael had been playing cricket.

In the above given sentences, the verbs 'played', 'was playing', 'had played' and 'had been playing' show an action of past time. These verbs are said to be in the Past Tense.   Past Tense shows an action done in the past time.            Past Indefinite Tense Past Indefinite Tense is used to express past habits, completed actions and put questions. It also shows an action done in general way in the past time.  

• Eight defence personnel, including three crew members, were injured when an IAF helicopter crashed.
• The Mi-26 chopper carrying defence personnel took off from the technical Airport at Satwari
• The defense lawyer argued that the judgment violated the fundamental principles.

In the above given sentences, the verbs 'were injured', 'took off' and 'argued' show an action completed in the past time. These verbs are in Past Indefinite Tense.     Points to keep in mind:

• Past Indefinite Tense is used to show an action completed in the past.

   Example: Maria left the town before the scheduled departure.

• Past Indefinite Tense is used to show a habitual action in the past.

   Example: I used to play chess with my friends during leisure time.            Past Continuous Tense The Past Continuous Tense is used to express the continuity of some past actions and to put questions. This tense shows an action going on at some time in the past and not completed.  

• Prakash and his friends were celebrating their victory with great pomp and show.
• Rita was watching the video with great concentration.
• They were discussing about this matter.

In the above given sentences, the verbs 'was celebrating', 'was watching' and 'were discussing' show an action going on at some time in the past. Here the action is incomplete. The time of action may or may not be indicated. These verbs are in Past Continuous Tense.     Points to keep in mind :

• Past Continuous Tense is used to show an action started and continued in the past time.

   Example: She was watching the television when I came.

• Past Continuous Tense is used to show a persistent habit in the past.

   Example: He was playing cricket.           Past Perfect Tense The Past Perfect Tense is used to express two earlier actions, completion of past actions and to put questions. more...

    Present Tense   It expresses an action or event that takes place at present. Present Tense is divided into four categories. They are the following: (i) Simple Present or Present Indefinite (ii) Present Continuous or Present Progressive (iii) Present Perfect (iv) Present Perfect Continuous            Simple Present or Present Indefinite This tense ('s used t-o express the habitual action which is truths, planned activities, quotations and to put questions. This tense shows an action done in a general way in the present time.  

• Smith speaks English fluently.
• Jackson recognizes me very well.
• They know well about this matter.

In the above given sentences, the verbs 'speaks', 'recognizes' and 'know' show an action done in general way in present time. They do not say whether the action is complete or incomplete. These verbs are in Present Indefinite Tense.     Points to keep in mind:

• Present Indefinite Tense is used to show a habitual action.

    Example: Michael goes to college every day.

• Present Indefinite Tense is used to express a universal truth.

    Example: The earth moves round the sun.

• Positive sentences do not use do or does.

    You make a point.

• For the 3rd person singular (he, she, it or the name of any person), add s/es to the main verb

   My mother encourages me to take part in games.           Present Coninuous Tense The Present Continuous Tense is used to express an action or event that is taking place. This tense shows an action which is going on (or continuing) at the time of speaking.  

• Vandana is taking yoga classes right now.
• India is developing day by day.
• The world is criticizing the terrorism.

In the above given sentences, the verbs 'is taking', 'is developing' and' is criticizing' show an action that is going on or continuing at the time of speaking (in present time). Here the action is incomplete. These verbs are in Present Continuous Tense.     Points to keep in mind:

• Present Continuous Tense is used to show a temporary action.

   Example: We are talking about international issues.  

• Present Continuous Tense is used to show an action expected to take places in future.

    Example: My brother is going home tomorrow.  

• Present Continuous Tense is used to talk about the activities happening now.

    Example: My brother is reading a book.  

• Present Continuous Tense is used to talk about activities happening around now, and not necessarily this very moment.

   Example: He is working hard more...

   Introduction   Definition: Tense is the form of a verb, which shows the time of action and its degree of completeness. Tense gives us the knowledge of the time when an action is taking place.    

• Delhi attracts a large number of migrants.

  (Present Tense)

• I thought the best way is to put an end to any controversy.

  (Past Tense)

• Mr. Ayush will pass the buck for the failures of his own.

  (Future Tense)   Tense is divided into three categories. They are the following: (i) Present Tense (ii) Past Tense (iii) Future Tense Present Tense expresses actions in the present time; Past Tense expresses actions in the past time; and Future Tense expresses actions in the future time.  

      Find the kind of determiner the underline word has.       I bought this book yesterday.   Answer: Demonstrative Determiner         The Quran is a holy book of Muslim.   Answer: Article Determiner         Each book is useful for you.   Answer: Numeral Determiner         Do you have any problem.   Answer: Quantitative Determiner               Pick out the determiner in the following sentences and write kind of determiner it is.       The guavas of Allahabad are delicious. (A) Article Determiners                                 (B) Demonstrative Determiners (C) Possessive Determiners                        (D) Numeral Determiners (E) Quantitative Determiners   Answer: (a) Explanation: 'The' is Article Determiner. As we see in the above sentence 'the' has been used to give importance to a person or a thing.         Those dresses are yours. (A) Article Determiners                                 (B) Demonstrative Determiners (C) Possessive Determiners                        (D) Numeral Determiners (E) Quantitative Determiners   Answer: (b) Explanation: 'Those' is Demonstrative Determiner. Here, those has been used with plural nouns.  

    Use of Determiners   Let us see how the various Determiners are used in the English language.           Article Determiners We have already discussed about the use of articles in this book.         Demonstrative Determiners This, that, these, and those are Demonstrative Adjective and are used before the Nouns by pointing towards the objects.          Possessive Determiners My, our, your, his, her, their / its, ones are all pronouns or Adjectives of Possessive case.          Numeral Determiners   Numeral Adjectives are of three types; (i) Definite Numerals (ii) Indefinite Numerals (iii) Distributive Numerals     (A) Definite Numerals First, second, third, -- one, two, three, etc. are some examples of Definite Numerals.      

• Four birds are sitting on the tree.
• She has two bungalows in the city.
• James stood first in the class.
• Two of us can help mother in the kitchen.  

  (B)  Indefinite Numerals They express the Indefinite Numbers. Some, many, a few, all, several are some of its examples. Some: A singular or plural noun can be used after 'some'. If 'some' is used with a countable noun then it means 'a few' or 'a small number'.

•   There are some papers lying on the table.  

Many: Common Noun with plural number is used with many. When it is used with a countable noun, 'many' means 'a great number'.

•   Many employees are absent today.  

'Many a' is used with a countable Noun which is Singular in number.

•   Many a child was hurt.    

Few, a few, the few: Few means a small number. The antonym of few is many.

•  I have very few expensive dresses.

A few means some. The antonym of a few is none.

•  I have read a few books. (I have read some books.)

The few means some (not many) but all that is.

•  I have read the few books that I have, (that is, I have read all the books, which I had even though they were few in number.)  

All: All is used with plural number.

•  All the people of Kolkata look forward to holidays for Durga Puja festival.  

Several: Several means many.

•  It will take him several months before he is able to walk on his feet.  

  (C)   Distributive Numerals These are Distributive Adjectives. They give us the knowledge of every person or thing of any category.   Each: Each is used for everything or a person from a definite quantity.

•   Each girl in the class scored more than 80 percent marks.  

Every: Every means all.

•  Every living thing dies.  
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    Kinds of Determiners     There are several kinds of Determiners:  1.       Article Determiners: a, an, the 2.       Possessive Adjectives: my, your, our, his, her/ its, their 3.       Demonstrative Adjectives: this, that, these, those 4.       Adjective of Number and Quantity 5.       Numeral Determiners 6.       Quantitative Determiners. One, two, three, four, ---- etc. First/second, third, fourth, ---- etc. Double, twice, thrice, ---- etc. One, third, two, fifths, ---- etc.

all	many	next	a little
both	any	other	the little
half	several	few	much
some	most	a few	whole
more	no	The few	enough
less	last	little

• Distributive Adjectives : each, every, either, neither, both
• Interrogative Adjectives : what, which, whose
• Some phrases denoting quantity and number:

plenty of	a large number of	a small amount of
a lot of	a great deal of	a large number of
lots of	a good deal of