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Current Affairs 7th Class

Kinds of verb

*      Kinds of verb   Action Verbs: An action word tells what the subject does or that it exists.   example.jpg
  •   He created a confusion in the minds of the people.
  •   India resumed talks with Pakistan.
  •   He scored more than expectation.
  •   You are in hurry.
  •   He is late for his class.  
  *      Helping Verb or be form of Verb A helping verb tells when the action of a sentence takes place. The helping verb 'be' has several forms such as 'am', 'is', 'are', 'were' and 'will'. These helping verbs can be used in all three tenses.     example.jpg  
  •   He is learning tips to gain knowledge in English Grammar.
  •   You were curious to meet him.
  •   He will contact you in case of any confusion.  
  *        Intransitive Verb An intransitive verb can stand alone in the predicate because its meaning is complete.     example.jpg  
  •   He eats.
  •   You joke.
  •   The plant grows.
  •   Steve enquires.
  •   Teacher scolds.
In the above given sentences, the verbs 'rings', 'blossom', 'burns' and 'move' do not need object to complete their sense. They make good sense themselves. So these verbs are Intransitive Verbs.     *       Transitive Verb A transitive verb needs a direct object to complete its meaning. The meaning of a sentence with a transitive verb is not complete without a direct object.     example.jpg  
  •   He asks a question.
  •   You receive the reward.
  •   We blame the government for all the mishappenings.
  •   My father told me to come home.
  •   Steve buys a computer.
  •   He denied all the allegations.
In the above given sentences, the verbs 'asks', 'receive', 'blame', 'told', 'buys' and denied need objects to complete their sense. They do not make good sense themselves. So these verbs are Transitive Verbs.     *        Irregular Verbs Irregular verbs change completely in the past tense. Unlike regular verbs, the past tense forms of irregular verbs are not formed by adding 'ed'.     *     Look at the following examples:
  •   Present: Know, Take, Eat
  •   Past: Knew, Took, Ate
  •   Past: Known, Taken, Eaten  
There are five forms of verb. They are the following: Present Tense form                                                        : \[\text{(}{{\text{V}}^{\text{1}}})\] -     Go         Come                    Eat Past Tense form                                                               : \[\text{(}{{\text{V}}^{\text{2}}})\] -     Went                     Came                     Ate Past Participle form                                                         : \[\text{(}{{\text{V}}^{3}})\] -     Gone                   Come                      Eaten Present Tense Third Person Singular form             more...
Catgeory: 7th Class

Introduction

*     Introduction     Definition: A verb is a word which shows an action, state of being or possession of a noun or pronoun.                                                                              Or The word which says something about a noun or pronoun is called a verb. (All saying words are verbs)   Look at the following sentences:
  •   He was determined to accomplish the task.
  •   Indian player made a desperate attempt to win the medal.
  •   He had a good offer in his hand.
In the above given sentences, the words 'was determined', 'made' and 'had' show some actions. They are called verb.
Catgeory: 7th Class

Kinds of Pronoun

*     Kinds of Pronoun   There are eight kinds of Pronoun. 1.       Personal Pronoun 2.       Demonstrative Pronoun 3.       Interrogative Pronoun 4.       Reflexive Pronoun 5.       Possessive Pronoun 6.       Distributive Pronoun 7.       Indefinite Pronoun 8.       Emphatic or Emphasizing Pronoun.     *       Personal Pronoun Personal pronouns are pronouns that are used as substitutes for proper or common nouns. All known human languages have personal pronouns.   The following are the personal pronouns: First Person:                       I and We Second Person:                 You Third Person:                     He, She, It and They     *      Look at the following examples:
  •   I have done a good job.
  •   They have approached me on this issue.
  •   You are looking for a right opportunity.
  •   He has undermined the threat.
  •   It is a tedious task.
In the above given sentences, I, They, You, He and it are personal pronouns. They are used in place of a noun in each sentence.     *        Demonstrative Pronouns A demonstrative pronoun indicates specific things. They are: This, that, these, those. This and these refer to nouns that are nearby in time or space. That or those refer to nouns that are further away in time or space. This and that refer to singular nouns; these and those refer to plural nouns.     *       Look at the following sentences:
  • This is really a beautiful house. ( This refers to things that are nearby to the speaker)
  • That pen is not writing properly. (That refers to something not very near but far from the speaker)
  • These all objects have been prepared using chemicals. (These refers to some objects close in space or in time to the speaker.)
  • Those events were unbelievable. (Those refer to some objects farther in space or in time to the speaker.)  
  NOTE: This, that, these, those can be used as demonstrative adjectives as well) As demonstrative pronouns.                                            *       Interrogative Pronoun An interrogative pronoun is a pronoun that is used in order to ask a question. Some of them refer only to people, like "who" and others refer to people and objects, etc. like "what".       example.jpg  
  •   What is your mobile number?
  •   Where are you living?
  •   Which course are you pursuing?
  •   When will he return from the market?
  •   Which answer is correct?  
The following are the interrogative pronouns: Subject                                 Object                  Possessive Who                                      Whom                  Whose Which                                   What   WHAT can be used to ask about objects or people.     example.jpg  
  •   What time is it?
  •   What is your more...
Catgeory: 7th Class

Introduction

*     Introduction   Pronouns are the words that are used in place of a noun. Pronouns are used to avoid the repetition of nouns in a sentence. For Example: He, she, it, they, etc.
Catgeory: 7th Class

Types of Sentence as per Structure

*    Types of Sentence as per Structure   *       Simple Sentences A simple sentence has one main clause. It means it has one subject and one verb. In addition, a simple sentence can have adjectives and adverbs. A simple sentence can't have another main clause or any subordinate clause.     example.jpg  
  •  Man is mortal.
  •  Delhi is a beautiful city.
  •  I read in seventh class.
  •  The teacher teaches us.
  •  He reprimands me.
  *      Compound Sentences A compound sentence has two or more main clauses. The clauses can be joined with a coordinating conjunction (e.g. for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) or a semicolon (;). As with a simple sentence, a compound sentence can't have any subordinate clause.     example.jpg  
  •  Serena loves to watch movie but William does not.
  •  USA proposed the name of India and the others supported her.
  •  He is neither a good man nor a bad man.
  •  Either you or someone else will go.
  •  He committed mistakes yet I supported him.
  •  As you sow so you reap.
  *      Complex Sentences A complex sentence contains one main clause and at least one subordinate clause.     example.jpg  
  • Parallel lines never meet (main) until (subordinating conjunction) you bend one of them (subordinate clause).
  • Steve promised (main clause) that he would attend the party (subordinate clause).
  • You can continue with you work (main clause) as long as you want (subordinate clause).
  • Do not go from here (main clause) until 1 return (subordinate clause)?
If you concentrate on your goal (subordinate clause) you will achieve it one day (main clause).       Question.jpg   Identify the kinds of sentence in the following questions:   Steve sat on the chair. (A) Simple                                                           (B) Compound (C) Complex                                                       (D) All of these (E) None of these   Answer: (A) Explanation: A simple sentence has one main clause.     Even though he enjoyed the movie, he would not go to watch it again because he watches a movie only once? (A) Simple                                                           (B) Compound (C) Complex                                                       (D) All of these (E) None of these   Answer: (c) Explanation: A complex sentence contains one main clause and at least one subordinate clause.     Summary.jpg  
  • A group of words which makes complete sense is called Sentence.
  • The words in a sentence are placed in their proper order to make complete sense.            
  • Five types of more...
Catgeory: 7th Class

Kinds of Noun

*  Kinds of Noun   There are five kinds of noun. They are the following: 1. Proper Noun 2. Common Noun 3. Collective Noun 4. Material Noun 5. Abstract Noun     * Proper Noun Proper noun is the specific name of a place, a person or a thing. The first letter of a proper noun is always written in capital letter.   * Proper Nouns in English 1. Name of the Month and Day                 March, April, May, etc. 2. Names of Companies                                Reliance, IBM, TATA, etc. 3. Names of People                                        Steve, Smith, Serena, etc. 4. Names of Places                                          Connaught Place, Delhi, India 5. Titles of People                                            Dr. Kenny White, President Jimmy Ayus, Ms. Mini Thomas, etc. 6. Names of Books, Newspapers              The Times of India, The Indian Express, etc.   NOTE: There are some nouns, such as sun, moon, earth, which seem to be the names of particular individual objects, but which are not called Proper Nouns.     * Common Noun Definition: A common noun is a word that names people, places, things, or ideas. They are not the names of a single person, place or thing. A common noun begins with a lowercase letter unless it is at the beginning of a sentence.     example.jpg People : man, girl, boy, mother, father, child, person, teacher, student, etc. Animals : cat, dog, fish, ant, snake, etc. Things : book, table, chair, phone, etc. Places : school, city, building, shop, etc. Ideas : love, hate, idea, pride, etc.     * The following is the list of common nouns
able          babies      cabbage   dad         ear
attic         baby        cable      daughter     earth
account      back        cactus     day         Earthquake
achieve       badge       cake       more...
Catgeory: 7th Class

Introduction

*   Introduction     Definition: A word used to denote the name of anything like a person, place, thing or quality is called a noun. A noun is also called the naming word.   See the following examples:
  • Late last year our neighbours bought a goat.
  • Steve was a grandmaster.
  • The Police inspector looked at the criminals.
  • According to Gita, work is worship.
  • Philosophy is of little comfort to the starving.
In the above given sentences words in bold letters are nouns.  
Catgeory: 7th Class

Introduction

* Introduction     A sentence is a group of words that makes complete sense. For example: We have been assigned so many tasks by the teacher.     * Kinds of Sentences Sentences can be divided into five kinds. They are the following; 1. Statement                    (or Assertive Sentence) 2. Question                       (or interrogative Sentence) 3. Command                     (or imperative Sentence) 4. Exclamation                (or Exclamatory Sentence) 5. Optative                         (or Optative Sentence)       * Assertive Sentence / Statement or Declarative A sentence that says or states something is called an assertive or declarative sentence. The sentence which says something in general way is called a Statement or an Assertive Sentence.       example.jpg
  • Steve never indulges into misdeeds.
  • You always make excuses for not doing your home work.
  • He said to me, "I am well aware of all the facts".
  • This decision has been taken unanimously. 
  • You don't need to blow the things out of proportion.  
    *  Interrogative or Question A sentence that asks a question is called a Question or an Interrogative Sentence.       example.jpg
  • Would you like to take a cup of coffee?
  • What are your views about the current development in our country?
  • Is he ready to sacrifice his comforts for the sake of his career?
  • Did you appear in the English Olympiad last year?
  • Who will look after the guests in my absence?
  Note: A question begins with either Helping Verb (is, am, are, was, were, has, have, had, do, does, did, can, will, shall, may, etc.) or Question word (What, where, how, when, whom, which, why, etc.)  
  • A question ends with a Question Mark (?) or Mark of interrogation.  
    * Imperative Sentence or Command, Order, Request, Suggestion, etc. A sentence that expresses a command/ request or advice is called an Imperative Sentence.         example.jpg
  • The commander said to his soldiers to march forward.
  • Bring something to eat.
  • Please help in my work.
  • You should be regular and punctual.
  • Go away from here.
Remember: The subject is generally hidden in Imperative Sentences.       * Exclamatory Sentence A sentence that expresses a strong emotion or surprise is called an Exclamatory Sentence.     example.jpg
  • These children are so cute!
  • How great it is to visit this place again!
  • Alas! India could not win the T-20 World Cup.
  • What a beautiful scenery!
  • Hurrah! India won gold medal in tennis match.  
    * The following is the list of exclamatory words:
  • Wow!
  • Brilliant!
  • Awesome!
  • Ouch!
  • Amazing!
  • Bravo!
  • Fantastic!
  • Tremendous!
  • Sheesh!
  • Hurrah!
  • Alas!
  • Magnificent!
  • Unbelievable
    • more...
Catgeory: 7th Class

Introduction

* Introduction     Analogy means a resemblance of relations; an agreement or likeness between things in some circumstances or effects, when the things are otherwise entirely different. For example, in the sentence 'Learning enlightens the mind', learning is to the mind what light is to the eye, enabling it to discover what was unraveled earlier.       *  Look at the following analogies:     * Quantity and Unit 1. Mass : kilogram                                                                                            2. Force:  Newton 3. Energy : Joule 4. Resistance : Ohm                        5. Volume :Litre 6. Angle : Radians 7. Power: Watt 8.  Potential: Volt 9. Work: Joule 10. Time : Second 11. Current: Ampere 12. Luminosity : Candela 13. Pressure : Pascal                                 14. Area : Hectare                              15. Temperature : Degrees.                  16. Conductivity: Mho                              17. Magnetic field : Oersted                                    18. Length : Metre       * Individual and Group 1. Cattle : Herd        2. Flowers: Bouquet      3. Grapes : Bunch 4. Singer: Chorus 5. Artist: Troupe      6. Fish : Shoal                 7.   Sheep: Flock                        8.   Riders : Cavalcade                              9.  Bees : Swarm                              10. Man : Crowd                                11. Soldiers: Army                      12. Nomads : Horde 13. Sailors : Crew     * Male and Female 1. Dog : Bitch                      2. Stag : Doe 3. Son : Daughter 4. Lion : Lioness 5. Sorcerer: Sorceress 6. Drone: Bee                                        7. Gentleman : Lady                              8. Nephew : Niece                                  9. Tiger : Tigress                     10. Horse : Mare       * Individual and Class 1. Man: Mammal         2. Ostrich : Bird     3. Snake : Reptile 4. Butterfly: Insect 5. Whale: Mammal                                   6. Rat: Rodent                              7. Lizard : Reptile              * Study and Topic 1. Seismology : Earthquakes        2. Botany : Plants          3. Onomatology : Names           4. Ethnology : Human Races          5. Ontology : Reality 6. Herpetology:Amphibians 7.  Pathology : Diseases 8. Astrology: Future 9. Anthropology:Man 10. Paleography : Writing 11. Ichthyology : Fishes 12. Semantics : Language 13. Nephrology: Kidney 14. Conchology : Skull 15. Haematology : Blood 16. Craniology : Skul 17. Mycology : Fungi 18. Entomology : Insects 19. Zoology : Animals               20. Occultism : Supernatural        21. Oclogy : Egg                         22. Virology : Viruses          23. Malacology :Molluscs                  24. Paleontology : Fossils                         25. Pedology : Soil                      26. Taxonomy : Classification               27. Orography : Mountains                  28. Selenography: Moon               29. Eccrinology : Secretions                  30. Histology : Tissues                      31. Nidology : Nests                32. Cardiology : Heart l                       33. Phycology : Algae                        34. Bryology : Bryophytes 35. Ornithology : Birds       * Part and Whole Relationship 1. Pencil : Lead                  2. more...
Catgeory: 7th Class

Points to keep in mind while doing Comprehension

*   Points to keep in mind while doing Comprehension                 
  • Read the given paragraph carefully and underline important points.
  • Read the questions one by one and try to find the answer in the paragraph
  • Write answers in your own words.
  • Read the given passage carefully two or three times, till you understand clearly (1) its subject, and (2) what is said about the subject. Ask yourself, 'What is the main theme of the passage I am reading? What does the author say about that subject? Can I put in a few words the central point of the paragraph?"
  • Read the questions carefully, one by one, and try to fully understand them,
  • Now take up the question, and find out the part of the passage it refers to
  • Repeat the same with the other questions.
  • Now write answers to the questions in your own words. Do not copy the language of the passage. The answer should be brief and to the point.  
  • Revise your answers, and examine them carefully. If an answer is too long, you must further compress it by omitting unnecessary details.         
  • Correct all mistake in spelling, grammar, punctuation, etc. Let the language of the answer be simple and direct.  
    * Read the passage carefully and answer the questions The winter this year was unusually long and harsh. What possibly could explain the occurrence of unusual cold wave conditions this year throughout the globe when environmentalists voicing their concerns about the human-led global warming had predicted that the rise in carbon dioxide level in the atmosphere would result in shorter winters with no significant dip in the mercury? Was this winter an exception to the rule or is it simply following a trend? After all, studies conducted by a small group of 'sceptic' scientists reveal that global warming has been waning since 2001. Latest studies supported by satellite data cast doubt on the climate fears propounded by environmentalists supported by the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).           Question.jpg       Why has the winter of this year been called unusual? (A) Because the duration was long           (B) Winter was long and harsh (C) It was different from other years      (D) All of these (E) None of these   Answer: (D)     What is the main reason for global warming? (A) Increased amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere (B) Increased amount of carbon monoxide in the atmosphere (C) Decreased amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere (D) All of these (E) None of these   Answer: (A)         What would be the consequence of global warming? (A) Long summer and short more...
Catgeory: 7th Class

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