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Family of Salts
Washing Soda - \[N{{a}_{2}}C{{O}_{3}}.10{{H}_{2}}O\] (Sodium Carbonate Decahydrate)
It is manufactured by Solvay's process also known as ammonia soda process.
Raw Materials Required
- Brine (concentrated sodium chloride solution).
- Ammonia gas
- Carbon dioxide
Steps Involved
\[N{{H}_{3}}+{{H}_{2}}O+C{{O}_{2}}\to N{{H}_{4}}HC{{O}_{3}}\]
Ammonium hydrogen carbonate
\[N{{H}_{4}}HC{{O}_{3}}+NaCl\to N{{H}_{4}}Cl+NaHC{{O}_{3}}\]
\[2NaHC{{O}_{3}}\to N{{a}_{2}}C{{O}_{3}}+C{{O}_{2}}+{{H}_{2}}O\]
\[N{{a}_{2}}C{{O}_{3}}+10{{H}_{2}}O\to N{{a}_{2}}C{{O}_{3}}.10{{H}_{2}}O\]
(Washing soda)
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Properties of Washing Soda
- It is white transparent crystalline solid.
- It contains ten molecules of water of crystallization.
- It shows efflorescence.
\[N{{a}_{2}}C{{O}_{3}}.10{{H}_{2}}O\to N{{a}_{2}}C{{O}_{3}}.{{H}_{2}}O+9{{H}_{2}}O\]
- Its aqueous solution is alkaline.
- On heating it undergoes following changes
\[N{{a}_{2}}C{{O}_{3}}.10{{H}_{2}}O\to N{{a}_{2}}C{{O}_{3}}.{{H}_{2}}O\to N{{a}_{2}}C{{O}_{3}}\to C{{O}_{3}}(l)\]
- It reacts with dilute acids to give effervescence of carbon dioxide
\[N{{a}_{2}}C{{O}_{3}}+2HCl\to NaCl+{{H}_{2}}O+C{{O}_{2}}\]
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