Archives November 2012

Introduction. Rani Lakshmi Bai of Jhansi was a great patriot. India can never forget her name. Birth and early life. She was born at Bitur on June 15, 1834. She was named Manu Bai, In her childhood she learnt the use of weapons. She had warlike qualities- She was a clever horse rider and a clever archer. Her married life. She was married to Raja Ganga Dhar Rao o Jhansi. After marriage she was named Rani Lakshmi Bai. She could not enjoy the pleasures of married life- She became widow after two years of marriage. Quarrel with Governor-General. She had no issue. She wished |to adopt a son. Lord Dalhousie, the Governor General of India, did not allow her to do so. He wanted to make Jhansi a part of British India. Lakshmi Bai stood against him. She opposed foreign rule. She refused to obey the orders of governor-general. She more...

We all do some kind of work either to earn our livelihood or to make a career Hobby is something which we enjoy doing, an activity we like indulging ourselves in during our leisure or free time. We all have our likes and dislikes. We enjoy doing certain things more than others. A hobby gives us pleasure, for we do it for the love of the work and not under compulsion to earn. Thus, it is more fulfilling and gives us more satisfaction and joy. Pursuing a hobby also increases one's efficiency, interest and ability. It gives one an opportunity to fully develop various aspects of one's personality. Hobbies like collecting stamps, listening music, drawing, gardening, playing an indoor or outdoor sport, writing, reading, bird watching, collecting antiques, photography etc, are very educative. We learn many things with practical insights which we cannot learn from schools. One of my favourite more...

Villages, said Gandhiji, are the soul of India. It is where the real India resides. About 75% of the population of India resides in villages. As I was born and brought up in a city, 1 had never seen what a real village is like. All I had known about villages were from books and newspapers. So many times reading wonderful descriptions made me curious about villages. I always wanted to visit a village but never had an opportunity to see and experience it first hand. Last month my friend asked me to visit his ancestral house in a village. I pounced at the idea like a cat pounces on a mouse. I happily agreed to go with him on the ensuing Sunday. The village was at half an hour journey from the city. So we decided to leave early morning on Sunday and return by the last bus on more...

The atmosphere is something that is around us everyday, kit do we really think about the changes that occur in it.  it isn't that we just aren't paying attention, but more of  the  fact that it is hard to notice slight changes over long periods of time. Everyday gases are released into the air by all living material. The gases in the air are used for many important things.  For  example, hydrogen is released by volcanoes, which  can give energy to the cell; photosynthesis has evolved to lake the gas carbon dioxide and create food and release oxygen; nitrogen is a gas used in our n.ir, oceans; and solid earth, as an essential part of living things. Carbon dioxide is also involved in processes where it is .stored as limestone and marble, as gas and oil and coal, and is in organic material in the soil. Not only do these more...

A person without any aim in life is like a rudderless Ship. He has no destination in sight. He does not know in which direction to move. Every person should have an aim in life. And should work for it. The ambition should not remain just a resolution or a dream that has not come true. The nature of ambition varies from person to person depending on family background, upbringing, social position, economic conditions and environment. Some people's aim is to amass wealth anyhow. They my do business. Or with this aim in mind, they may demand huge dowries at the time of marriage of their sons. The mica to make quick money leads to anti-social activity like corruption, smuggling, black marketing, gambling. Money is not everything in life. There are other worthwhile pursuits. Some people yearn for. Spent their lives seeking it—though there may not be much wealth coming more...

The potential of space technology for mass education, especially in terms of immediacy, omnipotence, visual power and outreach was recognised in the early 70’s. Keeping in view the larger aspects of education, especially rural education, India undertook in 1975-76, the Satellite Instructional Television Experiment (SITE) to telecast a series of educational TV programmes on health, family planning, agriculture, adult education etc., to cover 2,500 Indian villages via the US satellite, ATS-6. It was the largest sociological experiment ever carried out in the world. The Satellite Telecommunication Experiment Project (STEP), conducted using Franco-German SYMPHONIE satellite during 1977-79, was another major demonstration of long distance satellite telecommunication application of space. India also launched its own APPLE (Ariane Passenger Payload Experiment), an experimental communication satellite, in June, 1981 using the opportunity offered by the European Space Agency (ESA) lo launch this satellite on board the third developmental Hight of ARIANE. A major development more...

Introduction. Ashok was one of [he Iwo great emperors of India. He sat on the throne of Magadha in 272 B.C. He reigned for about 40 years. He was the first king 10 educate his men and lead them lo the path of truth. He was the only military man who gave up warfare. Birth childhood and education. Ashok was the grandson of Chandra Gupta who founded the Maurya Empire, The name of his father was Bindusar. Ashok has brought up in his father's palace in Patliputra the capital of Magadha. In the name of education he was taught things that would supply learning, culture and wealth. It is said that as a child he was very furious. But after he had sat on the' throne, there was a complete change in his nature. His conquest over Kalinga. About the year 262 B.C. he decided to make an attack on the more...

"Man is a social animal", said Aristotle centuries ago and rightly so. We all need company and companionship. Life would be a burden—hard to bear—without good companions to share your joys and sorrows. Family is the first kind of companionship that a child gets as soon as he is born. He spend a few years under the protection of his family members only. As he grows up he learns to differentiate between family and strangers. Away from his family he feels unsafe. But when a child starts going to school, his social circle starts widening- He learns to find companions outside his family. He thus starts making friends as per his compatibility, likes, dislike's, interests, aptitude and attitude. I too have many friends in my class and also in my neighbourhood. I like all of them and get along very well with all of them. But Ravi is the best more...

Introduction. The postman is a Government servant. He belongs to a very important and useful department. There are post offices all over the country, in every town and every important village. Every post office has a number of postmen- The number depends upon the quantity of work. The area under a post office is divided into parts and one postman is put in charge of that part. The postman's work. Bags of letters come from different places by trains or buses. They are sorted at the post office and given to the concerned postman. They put them in their leather bags to deliver to the addressees. Each postman receives the money orders also from the post master for delivery. Then there are registered letters and insured letters and ordinary parcels add insured parcels. He puts all in a bag. If the parcel is a large one he takes another bag more...

A computer is a fast and accurate electronic data Manipulator. It is fashioned to store input data, process it as per some predefined instructions and show results.  The computer performs four basic functions, namely Input, storage, process and output. The present century is witnessing a computer revolution in which information processing and retrieval are being done accurately at tremendous speed. The data and the instructions on how to process it are kept in the- storage unit of the computer called 'memory'.  The relevant instructions fed into the computer are called ‘Program’. Usually, FORTRAN and Pascal Languages suit mathematical applications, and COBOL and Basic language are useful in other applications. In India to begin with Trade Unions opposed the introduction of computers. They were assured that the manpower which became surplus as a result of computerization would be absorbed and that no retrenchment was thought of. The first computer was installed more...