Archives January 2013

The Republic Day is also celebrated as a National Festival like Independence Day. The significance of this day is that a pledge was taken on 26th January 1930 on the bank of river Ravi to attain 'Swaraj' was fulfilled on this day in the year 1950. India became a sovereign, democratic republic. On this day all Government offices, factories and other institutions remain closed.  This day is celebrated throughout the country; people assemble at one place and offer salute to the National Flag. In Delhi people from different places come to witness the Republic day celebration at India Gate. Pipe railings are fixed on both sides of the route from where the procession passes. The entire route is decorated with National Flags. A good sitting arrangement is made for the people To witness the parade. Arrangement for VIP's and foreign dignitaries is made separately. There is also a very strict more...

"She goes running for the shelter/ Of a mother's little helper/ And it helps her on her way..." The Rolling Stones, "Mother's Little Helper," (1967) At its peak in 1978, Valium was the most widely prescribed drug for tension and anxiety. Valium was discovered in 1963 by Leo H. Sternbach (1908-2005), a Polish chemist working in the United States for Hoffmann-La Roche. He wanted to create a better "chill" pill, after barbiturates were found to cause dependence and toxicity in overdose. Sternbach started by fiddling with compounds he had cast aside twenty years earlier and found that one, Ro-5-0690, had hypnotic and sedative effects in mice. Hoffmann-La Roche named the drug Librium, which was the first of the new benzodiazepine class of drugs. Benziodiazepines work by depressing activity of the reticular activating system (RAS) that controls mental activity in the brain. In 1963 Sternbach synthesized a simplified version of the more...

Different individuals have different aims in life. Most of the people aim at making health. Man likes to enjoy comforts of life and wealth is necessary for that. So, most men want money. Then there are some men who want to acquire knowledge. They do not care much for wealth. There are, again, others who want glory and fame. Some few are eager to get power and exercise authority over others. As for me, I want to become a businessman. A nation cannot prosper by being in the employment of the government only. So I shall receive a good education necessary to become a businessman. My father is a businessman himself. I hope to earn much money. But I shall spend the greater part of my money for the good of my country. I shall establish agricultural and technical schools. Some of our countrymen will be trained there and thus more...

India always believed in peace and she has always promoted it by all means. She was never in favour of manufacturing a nuclear bomb which only brings ruin and disaster to millions of people. But as many countries whether developed or developing, have conducted many nuclear tests, it became a necessity for our country to go  nuclear. Further, the rising trend of intervention by the industrialized nations in the internal affairs of developing nations among which India is also one, was one of the main reasons which compelled India to divert her nuclear resources towards nuclear weapons. It was an urgent need to protect our national security, because national development depends on it. Development is inseparable from national security. And finally India conducted three nuclear tests on May 11, 1998 and two more tests on May 13, 1998 in Pokhran. But India's stand on the role of nuclear weapons is more...

The tradition of nursing started in the past time by the ever remembered Florence Nightiangale. A nurse symbolises service and humanity. Her time is spent in the service of humanity. She has  a keen sense of duty It is the noblest profession. She is required to do the duty for eight hours daily The times of working are not fixed. She is to work in different shifts. She wears a white uniform with a cap on her head. She is very punctual in her work. As she reaches the hospital she takes charge of her ward from the other nurse and soon she is busy with her work. She is called 'Sister' generally While taking her first round of the ward she greets all the patients with a smile. She notes down the temperature of every patient on the chart. She gives the medicines and injection provided by the doctor. more...

When most people think of cloning, their thoughts inevitably turn to science fiction movies or a sheep named Dolly. However, cloning has been around a lot longer than either of these would suggest. The word itself comes from the ancient Greek word for twig and was initially used to refer to plant grafting in the early 1900s. The word's meaning as it is used today, originated in the 1950s. The scientists responsible for what is now thought of as cloning did not set out to create a genetically identical model of another organism—as clones are defined these days. They were simply trying to understand how an embryo develops into an adult. Nobel Laureate Hans Spemann began experimenting with salamander embryos in the 1930s. Using a piece of hair as a tool, he manipulated a dividing nucleus from a salamander embryo in such a way that he had two different nuclei more...

God has created this universe which includes earth, water, sky, nature and deep down the earth surface. There are men and nature the two most vital components of this universe. Man can do wonders. Nature has everything already done. Man creates the things which are said to be artificial. They are not permanent. But nature has created the things which are permanent. No one can alter in the design of nature. Man has no control over it. Nature has its own way. Sometimes it is soothing, sometimes it is ferocious. Whenever it turns to be in its bad temper it can bring devastation. It is known as  disaster. Man has always been threatened by the fury of nature from the very beginning of his existence on this earth. Sometimes disasters like earthquakes occur repeatedly with serious impact on all spheres of life. Be it earthquake in Gujarat in 2001 and more...

Tanks were a great problem for infantry during the first years of World War II. The thick armor was proof against small arms, and grenades powerful enough to penetrate it had to be placed directly on the tank. Three Americans addressed this problem by combining a shaped-charge hand grenade with an electrically fired rocket launcher. Dr. Clarence Hickman had worked with Robert Goddard on tube-fired rockets during World War I. Starting in 1940, he helped U.S. Army officers Edward Uhl and Leslie Skinner to develop an electrically fired rocket launcher. When the user pulled the trigger, a battery in the stock sent a charge to ignite the rocket, which then fired through a steel tube. The first fielded version was officially called the M1 Rocket Launcher, but it was soon nicknamed the bazooka because it resembled a musical instrument of the same name. By the end of 1942 U.S. troops more...

“I never understood what people did with them—who's buying all these?" Diane Smahlik, daughter of Ettore Steccone Italian immigrant Ettore Steccone (1896-1984) liked to keep windows clean. When he moved across the Atlantic in 1922, window cleaners were using heavy, cumbersome tools, but he was about to change all that. In 1936 the patent for Steccone's squeegee was filed, and in 1938 it was published. But he was viewed as an uneducated Italian immigrant, and his attempts to sell his invention to dealers proved fruitless. Instead he approached fellow window cleaners, offering them the chance to try his tool for one day Its simplicity and ergonomic design made it an instant hit and the Steccone family made a great deal of money. The squeegee has been making the lives of window cleaners easier ever since, and the design has hardly changed in the process. The key lies in the rubber, more...

"I made 5,127 prototypes of my vacuum... There were 5,126 failures. But I learned from each one." James Dyson, Fast Company magazine (May 2007) In 1978, designer James Dyson (b. 1947) noticed that the suction of his vacuum cleaner diminished as the bag started to fill with dust. He realized that a system in which dust is siphoned into a bin, rather than retained by a filter, would maintain the suction of the appliance. Five years and some 5,127 prototypes later, Dyson had invented the technology that would be the cornerstone of the iconic Dyson vacuum cleaner. James Dyson studied at the Royal College of Art, where he began a career in design that would lead him to develop many unique ideas. However, his big breakthrough came seven years after he began his research into developing filtering processes for vacuum cleaners. The cleaning power of a Dyson vacuum cleaner lies more...