2. Current Affairs
  3. Current Affairs
  4. 10th Class

Current Affairs 10th Class

Nationalism In India - Important Terms And Concepts

             Nationalism in India                 IMPORTANT TERMS AND CONCEPTS  
  • Nationalism. Patriotism; a feeling of collective belonging to one's nation; sharing common feelings of identity.
    •  
  • Nation-states. A state having common territory and inhabited by people sharing common language, race, culture, etc.
    •  
  • Influenza epidemic. Extensive spread of influenza — an acute virus disease usually with fever, cold and body rashes.
    •  
  • Forced recruitment. In colonies people were often compelled to join the army and fight war on behalf of the colonial rulers.
    •  
  • Satyagraha. A method of agitation and protest, based on truth and non-violence. This was first introduced by Gandhiji in Indian national movement. The method was passive resistance consisting of defiance of laws, non-payment of taxes, boycott of government institutions, etc.
    •  
  • Rowlatt Act. An Act passed by British Government in India in 1919. It authorized the government to arrest and imprison a person without trial. The Act was against civil rights.
    •  
  • Civil Disobedience. Refusal to comply with certain laws as a method of peaceful protest.
    •  
  • Hartal. Strikes-a method of demonstrating protests.
    •  
  • Martial Law. Law of military government. When martial laws are imposed, ordinary laws are suspended.
    •  
  • Jallianwalla Bagh. A park in Amritsar in Punjab. It is well known in the history of India because the place is associated with massacre of Indians by the British.
    •  
  • Khalifa. The spiritual and temporal head of all Muslims or the Muslim world. Khalifa was also the ruler of Turkey till 1922.
    •  
  • Boycott. A method of resistance used by Indian nationalists under which they refused cooperation with the British in every sphere—stopping to use foreign goods by not attending British institutions.
    •  
  • Picket. A method of protest by which the people block the entrance of a shop, factory or office. One or more persons stand outside a place of work or shop to dissuade others from entering.
    •  
  • Khadi. Handspun handloom material.
    •  
  • Begar. Forced labour compelling people to work free without any remuneration.
    •  
  • Gudem rebels. The people who participated in the militant guerrilla movement in the Gudem hills of Andhra Pradesh. It was a resistance movement against the colonial government who prevented the people from entering the forests for grazing their cattle or collect firewood or fruits from the region.
    •  
  • Plantation. Estates or extensive area under cultivation of cash crops such as tea, coffee, cotton, tobacco, etc.
    •  
  • Dominion Status. Dominion status is a status enjoyed by other dominions of British Commonwealth such as Australia or Canada.
    •  
    Catgeory: 10th Class

    Nationalism In India - Chapter Coverage

      Nationalism in India           CHAPTER COVERAGE  
    • Emergence of Nationalism in India
    • Khilafat and Non-Cooperation Movements
    • Implementation of the Ideas of Satyagraha
    • Rural, Urban and Plantation Reactions
    • Events Leading to Civil Disobedience Movement
    • Salt March and beginning of the Civil Disobedience Movement
    • Varied Participation
    • Gandhi-Irwin Pact
    • Cultural Processes through which Nationalism Captured the Imagination of the People
     
    Catgeory: 10th Class

    The Making Of A Global World - Content Outline

    ` The Making of a Global World   CONTENT OUTLINE   In the context of modern and contemporary world, globalisation means the integration of economy of a country with the economies of other countries under condition of free movement or flow of goods, services, capital, labour and technology. The desire for global interconnectedness however existed even in the past and evolved to modern economy through various stages due to various factors and.
    (i) Establishment of silk routes by China connecting China with the west. Other routes followed enabling explorers, traders, missionaries to travel which led to interaction among countries.
    (ii) Discovery of sea routes to India and the Americas by European explorers in 15th century made the European nations wealthy and prosperous. These not only boosted trade but also laid foundation of a new economy involving many countries.
    (iii) Industrial development followed industrialisation, strengthened globalisation. Now avenues of communication and transportation like well laid roads, railways, steamships, telegraphs, etc., brought the countries nearer to each other. Industrialisation created new needs for these nations-need for market to sell the goods produced by machines and need for raw materials to feed the machines became primary factors. This gave rise to colonialism-a new economic pattern under which an imperial nation conquered far off land or territory to fulfil its economic needs. This also solved the problem of labour and need for investment of surplus capital. With the invention of steamships the whole process became simpler. The Economy of one country thus became interconnected with others. The tremor of crisis in one part of the world were quickly relayed to other part affecting the economy and society.
    (iv) However extreme rivalry among industrial nations for acquiring colonies led to the First World War in 1914. This affected the economy of all countries of the world. While European economy fell apart-US emerged as the richest country of the world. US supplied food, ammunition and other necessities to European countries. Industry boomed, agricultural production increased.
    (v) Very soon overproduction resulted in the Great Depression in 1929. This led to a setback in all economic relations.
    (vi) In 1939, the world faced the Second World War. This brought the world on the threshold of other changes in the economy. After the war, the equation of the powers changed. Many small countries which were colonies were now freed. The global economy that emerged is characterised by mass production for mass consumption. But Mass consumption is possible only if the people have economic stability. So full employment is the goal of all countries. Economists and politicians appeal to the government to more...
    Catgeory: 10th Class

    The Making Of A Global World - Important Terms And Concepts

      The Making of a Global World   IMPORTANT TERMS AND CONCEPTS  
  • Global (Worldwide). Involving all countries of the globe.
    •  
  • Globalisation. Integrating economy of a country with the economies of other countries under condition of free flow of trade, capital and labour.
    •  
  • Cowries. A Hindi word meaning sea shells. These are used in ancient world as a form of currency.
    •  
  • Silk Route. Route taken by traders to carry silk cargos from China to the west.
    •  
  • Spaghetti. A type of noodle popular in Italy.
    •  
  • El Dorado. Imaginary land of great wealth. Fabled land of gold.
    •  
  • Plantation. Estate for cultivation of cash crops like tea, coffee, cotton, tobacco, sugar cane, etc.
    •  
  • Corn Laws. British laws which imposed restrictions on the import of Corn.
    •  
  • Ecology. Study of organisms in relation to one another and to their surroundings.
    •  
  • The Canal Colonies. The colonies/areas irrigated by new canals, where peasants from different parts of Punjab settled.
    •  
  • rinderpest. Cattle Plague-a fast spreading disease among cattle.
    •  
  • rastafaria. A Jamaican sect, the members of which regarded blacks as the chosen people.
    •  
  • Chutney Music (popular music in Trinidad). Supposed to be the result of cultural fusion.
    •  
  • Entrepreneur. One who undertakes commercial enterprise with chance of profit or loss. Starts enterprise by himself/herself at his/her own risk.
    •  
  • Hosay. A riotous carnival in Trinidad when workers of all races and religions join to celebrate.
    •  
  • Coolie. Unskilled native labourers. 'Indentured Indian labourers were often referred to as coolie' in Trinidad.
    •  
  • Indigo. Deep violet-blue colour.
    •  
  • Allies. Before the First World War Britain, France and Russia (later USA) formed an alliance and fought together in the First World War. Together they were known as the Allies.
    •  
  • Central Powers. An alliance formed by Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy (later Turkey) - Fought together in the First World War.
    •  
  • Axis Powers. Germany, Italy, Austria, Turkey were known as Axis Powers during the Second World War.
    •  
  • IMF. International Monetary Fund.
    •  
  • NIEO. New International Economic Order.
    •  
  • Fixed Exchange Rate. The rate which is officially fixed by the government and does not vary with changes in demand and supply of foreign currency.
    •  
  • Floating Exchange Rate. These rates fluctuate depending on demand and supply of foreign currency.
    • Catgeory: 10th Class

    The Making Of A Global World - Chapter Coverage

      The Making of a Global World     CHAPTER COVERAGE  
    • Globalisation and its Importance
    • Globalisation in Pre-modern World
    • Discovery of New Rountes, Trade and Conquest
    • World in 19th Century
    • Complex Interaction of Political, Social, Cultural and Technological Factors
    • Emergence of a New World Economy
    • Role of Technology
    • Emergence of Colonialism
    • Change in the Pattern of Economy
    • Indentured Labour Migration from India
    • Indian Trade and Global System
    Catgeory: 10th Class

    The Age Of Industrialisation - Important Terms And Concepts

      The Age of Industrialisation   IMPORTANT TERMS AND CONCEPTS  
  • Innovation. Newly produced or introduced; a novelty.
    •  
  • Guild. An association of craftsmen or merchants following same craft to protect the members interest and supervise the standard of the work.
    •  
  • Stapler. A person who staples or sorts wool according to its fibre.
    •  
  • Fuller. A person who fulls- gathers cloth by pleating.
    •  
  • Carding. A process of preparing fibres such as cotton or wool, prior to spinning.
    •  
  • Efficacy. Effectiveness; power to produce a certain effect.
    •  
  • Mill. Building fitted with machinery for manufacturing processes/factory.
    •  
  • Tanning. Convert raw hide into leather by soaking in liquid containing tannic acid.
    •  
  • Food processing. Technique of chopping and mixing food for making jam, juices, etc.
    •  
  • Victorian Britain. Britain during the reign of Queen Victoria.
    •  
  • Vagrant. A person without a settled home or regular work.
    •  
  • Brewery. A place where beer Etc., is brewed commercially (Brewing is a process of infusion, boiling and fermentation)
    •  
  • Night Refuge. Night shelter for homeless people.
    •  
  • Company officials. Officials of the East India Company.
    •  
  • Bourgeoise. The upper middle class.
    •  
  • Monopoly. Exclusive right of trade in an article or good granted by some authority or licence authorising this.
    •  
  • Gomastha. An Indian word meaning an agent, a middleman between the merchant and weavers.
    •  
  • Sepoy. Indian soldier of the British army.
    •  
    Catgeory: 10th Class

    The Age Of Industrialisation - Chapter Coverage

      The Age of Industrialisation     CHAPTER COVERAGE  
    • Age of Industrialisation
    • The Story of Industrialisation as the History of Development and Technological Progress in England and in India
    • Life in Proto industrial Period
    • Emergence of Factory Production
    • Life of Workers in England
    • Industrialisation under Colonial Rule in India
    • Nature of Indian Trade Textile Industry
    • Coming of the European Traders
    • Company Rule-its Impact on Indian Weavers
    • Early Entrepreneurs of India
    • Their Contribution
    • Main Features of Indian Industries
    • Change after the World War I
    • Importance of Small Scale Industries
    • Role of Advertisement in Industries
    Catgeory: 10th Class

    Work Life and Leisure - Important Terms And Concepts

      Work, Life and Leisure: Cities in Contemporary World   IMPORTANT TERMS AND CONCEPTS  
  • Metropolis. Chief city of a region or the country with large population.
    •  
  • Urbanisation. The  process  of development of towns and cities.
    •  
  • Brahma. The God of creation in Hindu mythology.
    •  
  • Museum. Building used for exhibition and storage of objects of the past or related heritage or any interesting unique objects.
    •  
  • Tenement. Dwelling place, e.g., a set of rooms separated from each, usually in the poorer section of a larger city.
    •  
  • Philanthropist. A person who is concerned about the welfare of the mankind.
    •  
  • Suburb. Outlying area of the city, region adjacent to the city.
    •  
  • Green belt. Area of open land with plants and trees for preservation around the city, maintaining natural habitation.
    •  
  • Asphyxiation. Suffocation due to lack of oxygen supply in the blood.
    •  
  • Presidency cities. During the British rule the capitals of Bombay, Bengal and Madaras Presidencies (provinces) were known as the presidency cities.
    •  
  • Depressed class. The so-called 'dalits' or untouchables are referred to as the depressed class.
    •  
  • Reclamation. Bring wasteland under cultivation). Recover marshy land from seawater and make it livable and cultivable.
    •  
  • Chawls. An Indian word refers to multistoried structure which is divided into a number of smaller one room tenements or apartments.
    •  
  • Individualism. Social theory favoring freedom of individual - encouraging free action by individuals.
    • Catgeory: 10th Class

    Work Life and Leisure - Chapter Coverage

      Work, Life and Leisure: Cities in Contemporary World     CHAPTER COVERAGE  
    • History of Urbanisation in the Modem World
    • Process of Urbanisation-Characteristics of Modem Cities
    • Industrialisation and its Impact on the Form of Urbanisation
    • Evolution of the City of London
    • Life of Women, Children and the Urban Poor
    • Problem of Housing in Big Cities
    • Health and Sanitation
    • Transport
    • Social Change in the City
    • Role of Family in Big Cities
    • Leisure, Entertainment and Politics
    • Colonial India and its Cities
    • Life of the People in Bombay and Calcutta
    • Pattern of Work
    • Housing and Development
    • Cities in Relation to Environment
    • Development of the City of Bombay
    Catgeory: 10th Class

    Print Culture and the Modern World - Important Terms And Concepts

      Print Culture and the Modern World   IMPORTANT TERMS AND CONCEPTS  
  • Calligraphy: Decorative writing; Art of writing beautifully using fine pen, ink, etc.
    •  
  • Autobiography: Story of one's own life written by the author himself or herself.
    •  
  • Anthology: Collection of passages from literature, especially poetry and song.
    •  
  • Mechanical Press: A press for printing which is operated by machines.
    •  
  • Scribes: Ancient and medieval copyist of manuscripts.
    •  
  • Manuscript: Book or document written by hand; author's original copy-handwritten or typed, not printed.
    •  
  • Vellum: Fine parchment originally from skin of calf or other animal. Manuscript written on this.
    •  
  • Parchment: Skin of animals like goat or sheep specially prepared for writing, painting, etc.
    •  
  • Foliage: Leaves, Leafage.
    •  
  • Compositors: One who sets up type for printing. The person who composes the text for printing.
    •  
  • Ballad: Sentimental song with repeated melody; poem or song in short stanzas narrating a popular story. It can be a historical account.
    •  
  • Tavern: Inn or public house where people gather for a drink to eat and to meet friends and exchange news.
    •  
  • New Testament: Part of Bible concerned with teachings of Christ and his earliest followers.
    •  
  • Protestant Reformation Movement: A movement of protest against the corrupt practices of the Catholic Church. The movement was led by Martin Luther, a German monk.
    •  
  • Chapbooks: Cheap pocket size books available at roadside shops of books.
    •  
  • Lithography: A process of printing from stone or metal surface so treated that the ink adheres only to the design required to be printed.
    •  
  • Vernacular Language: Language or dialect of the country, language spoken by a particular clan or group.
    • Catgeory: 10th Class

    Current Affairs Categories


    Archive


    Trending Current Affairs

    You need to login to perform this action.
    You will be redirected in 3 sec spinner