Current Affairs 10th Class

  WHAT IS SERIES COMPLETION? A series is made up of alphabetical letters or numerals or combination of both. In this chapter the questions are asked in the given two ways: 1.  Find one or more missing terms in the given number series or alphabet series or alpha-numeric series. 2.  Find a wrong term in the given number series or alphabet series or alpha-numeric series.   Trick: To find out a missing or wrong term, just decipher the pattern in the given series.     EXAMPLE   1.         Choose the missing term in the given number series.             165, 195, 255, 285, 345,   ?              (a) 375                          (b) 420                         (c) 435                          (d) 390   Explanation (a): We observe the given series as follows: Clearly, the required term = 345 + 30 = 375.     2.         Choose the missing term. 43, ?, 66, 83, 91, 106, 123 (a) 58                            (b) 51              (c) 60                            (d) 56   Explanation (b): We see that 83 - 66 = 17 91-83=8 106-91 = 15 123- 106= 17 So, the difference between four consecutive terms in pairs is 8, 15, 17; 8, 15, 17. \[\therefore \]Required term = 43 + 8 = 51.     3.         Identify the wrong number in the series. 69, 55, 26, 13, 5             (a) 55                            (b) 5                           (c) 26                            (d) 13   Explanation (b): Clearly, in the given series, each term is one more than the product of the digits of the preceding term. Thus, \[\left( 6\times 9 \right)+1=55,\left( 5\times 5 \right)+1=26,\left( 2\times 6 \right)+1=13.\] So, 5 is wrong number in the series and must be replaced by \[\left( 1\times 3 \right)\]+1 i.e., 4. Hence, the answer is (b).     4.         Choose the missing term.  AB, DEF, HUK, ?, STUVWX (a) MNOPQ                   (b) LMNOP        (c) LMNO                      (d) QRSTU   Explanation (a): First letter of each term except the first term is two more than the last letter of the previous term. 1st letter of required term = more...

  'Analogy' means similarity of the same features of two pairs of things/objects/numbers/ words. In such type of problems, the members of one pair already have a relationship between each other. A student is required to establish the same relationship between the two members of another pair. To do so, the first priority is to identify the relationship between those members that already have relationship. There are various types of analogy. Here, we will consider only the following three types of analogy: 1.  Number Analogy 2.  Alphabet Analogy 3.  Number-Alphabet Analogy Let us illustrate you with examples of each type.     EXAMPLE     1.         Identify the number pattern and complete the second pair in the same way as the first pair. 64 : 625 : : ? : 256 (a) 243                          (b) 18             (c) 27                            (d) 35   Explanation: (c) 64 : 625 are 43 : 54 So, the second pair will be 33 : 44, i.e., \[\]: 256. So, the correct option is (c).     2.         Which group of numbers has the same property of the members in the given below group?             (44, 22, 11) (a) (42, 20, 10)               (b) (46, 22, 10)      (c) (40, 20, 10)               (d) (44, 22, 10)   Explanation: (c) Clearly, in the given group, the first number is twice the second one and the second number is twice the third one, i.e., \[44=22\times 2\text{ }and\text{ }22=11\times 2.\] A similar relationship exists between the numbers in the group (40, 20, 10). So, the correct option is (a).     3.         If SATURDAY is to TBSVAERZ, then in the same way MEGHDOOT is to  ________ ? (a) GFMIOPDU              (b) GFMPOPDU     (c) NFMSOPDU              (d) NFMIOPDV   Explanation: (c) We observe the given relationship as follows : Similarly, we find So, the correct option is (A).     4.         If \[M\otimes N\] is to \[14\times 15,\] then \[P\otimes Q\] is to .......... . (a) \[14\times 15\]           (b) \[15\times 16\]        (c) \[17\times 18\]           (d) \[16\times 17\]   Explanation: (c) \[\otimes \] becomes the symbol 'x'. Letters become one more than numbers as their places in the English alphabet. Therefore, more...

'Classification means grouping of items/words/numbers in accordance of their common properties. In such type of problems some items are given. All of them accept one Eire simliar in same way, A student is required to identify this odd one. These items may be 1. Numbers 2. Set of numbers 3. Letters 4. Set of letters 5. Words like months of the year, days of the week/ etc. Let us illustrate you with the help of examples.               EXAMPLE   1.         Three of the following four are alike in a certain way and so form a group. Which Is the one that does not belong to that group?              (a) 85                             (b) 65                           (c) 185                          (d) 165   Explanation: (d) \[85=5\times 17\] \[65-5\times 13\] \[185=5\times 37\] \[165=5\times 3\times 11\] We observe that only 165 has three factors other than 1 and itself. So, 165 does not belong to the group of members having two factors each.     2.         Three of the following four are alike in a certain way and so form a group. Choose the odd one out. (a) 2, 5, 11, 13               (b) 2, 3, 1, 17        (c) 4, 6, 8, 15                  (d) 2, 7, 19, 23   Explanation: (c) Each number of option (c) i.e. 4, 6, 8 and 15 is composite while each number of other sets is a prime number.     3.         Find the odd one out. (a) B                             (b) J               (c) t                             (d) G   Explanation: (d) The letter 'G- is at the odd place in the English alphabet while rest are at even places.   4.         Identify the odd one out from amongst the four options (a) ORUX                      (b) PSVX          (c) CFIL                         (d) JMPS   Explanation: (b) In all other groups, there are two letters in between two consecutive letters as in the English alphabet.     5.         Three of the following four are alike in some way and so form a group. Which is one that does not belong to that group? (a) January        more...

WHAT IS CODING? Coding is a method of expressing something in a secret way.   WHAT IS DECODING Decoding is a process to understand a code language.   TYPES OF CODING 1.    Letter Coding: Letters are used in forward or backward or both the directions for making some code language. 2.    Direct Letter Coding: Letters of a word are directly replaced by other letters. 3.    Number/Symbol Coding: Numerals or symbols are assigned to words. 4.    Substitution Coding: Some particular words are assigned to certain names.     EXAMPLE     1.         If in a code language, 'COULD' is written as 'BNTKC and 'MARGIN' is written as 'LZQFHM', then how will 'MOULDING' be written in that code?              (a) CHEMFINTK             (b) LNKTCHMF                  (c) LNTKCHMF              (d) NITKHCMF   Explanation: (c) So, 'MOULDING' will be written as 'LNTKCHMF'.   2.         In a code, CONTRIBUTE is written as ETUBIRTNOC. If POPULARISE is written in that code, then which letter will be in the 6th place when counted from the left end? (a) P                             (b) L              (c) R                              (d) I   Explanation: (b) In code language, the letters of the word are written in the reverse order. So, POPULARISE will be written as \[E\text{ }S\text{ }I\text{ }R\text{ }AOU\,P\,O\,P.\] Clearly, 6th letter is 'L   3.         In a certain code, PRAISE is written as #@$27% and RESPIRE is written as @%7#2@%. How is REPAIR written in that code? (a) #2@%$@                (b) %@7#$2@     (c) @%#$2@                (d) @%$2#@   Explanation: (c) From the given words and their codes, we conclude that
Letter Code
P more...
In this section/ problems are based on blood relations. The process of solving these problems (puzzles) depends upon the deep knowledge of blood relations. The common relations are: Father, Mother, Grandparents/ Wife, Husband/Son, Daughter, Grandchild, Sister, Brother etc.   Remarks: 1.     Relatives on the mother's side are called 'maternal'. For example, mother's brother is called maternal uncle. 2.     Relatives on the father's side are called 'paternal'. For example, father's brother is called paternal uncle. 3.     Assume a relation as paternal relation, unless stated otherwise.     EXAMPLE 1.         A woman going with a boy is asked by another woman about the relationship between them.            The woman replied, "My maternal uncle and the uncle of his maternal uncle is the same."            How is the lady related with that boy?              (a) Grandmother and Grandson                      (b) Mother and Son              (c) Aunt and Nephew                              (d) Sister and brother   Explanations: (c) The brother of woman's mother is the same as brother of the father of boy's maternal uncle. Also, the woman's mother's brother is the boy's maternal uncle's father, Thus, the woman's mother's brother's son is boy's maternal uncle, i.e., woman's mother's brother's daughter is boy's mother. So, the woman and boy's mother are cousins. Thus, the woman is boy's aunt. Hence, the answer is (c).   2.         A and B are brothers. C and D are sisters. A's son is D's brother. How is B related to C?            (a) Father                                   (b) Brother                     (c) Uncle                                     (d) Grandfather   Explanation: (c) Clearly, A's son is C's brother. This means C is the daughter of A. So, B is the uncle of C. Hence, the answer is (c).   3.         If 'P + Q' means 'P is the father of Q', means 'P is the brother of Q' and 'P - Q' means 'P is the mother of Q', then which of the following is definitely true about C ? A+B? (a) B is the son of A         (b) B is the father of A (c) more...

  In puzzle test, some information is provided in the form of a puzzle and hence one or more questions are put up on the basis of it. To answer these questions, a student is required to simplify the puzzle in his/her own language. The puzzle may be of any field such as: 1.     Seating/placing arrangement. 2.     Comparison of heights, weights, sizes, etc. 3.     Family basis. 4.     Sequential order of things.     EXAMPLE    1.         Among four friends, Mohit is thrice the age of Kartik. Tarun is half times younger to Kartik.               Anuj is six years older to Kartik, but six years younger to Mohit. Who is the eldest? (a) Tarun                                   (b) Kartik           (c) Anuj                         (d) Mohit   Explanation: (d) Mohit = 3 (Kartik) Tarun = (Kartik) Anuj = Kartik + 6 = Mohit -6 Therefore, Mohit > Anuj > Kartik > Tarun So, Mohit is the eldest.     2.         Six friends A, B, C, D, E and F are seated on a round table facing the centre.            F is between A and D. C is between E and B. E is not just between D and C. D is second to the left of C.             Who is sitting between A and C? (a) B                             (b) D              (c) E                              (d) C   Explanation: (c) All face towards the centre We observe that E is sitting between A and C.  

When an input of some numbers is given to a number generating machine, it gives sets of numbers in a specific pattern as an output. Infect an input may be of letters/words or numbers or combination of both. A student is required to analyses the data (input and output) and identify the pattern to answer the questions. Let us write some commonly used patterns: 1.     Arrangement of the given numbers in ascending/descending order. 2.     Arrangement of the given numbers stepwise in the order: greatest, smallest, second greatest, second smallest, and so on. 3.     Arrangement of given words in alphabetical and reverse alphabetical order. 4.     Arrangement of a particular set of words in the reverse order, stepwise.     EXAMPLE     1.       Direction (I-II): Study the following information to answer the questions given below: A number arrangement machine when given an input of numbers, rearranges them by following a particular rule in each step. The following is an illustration of an input and steps of rearrangement.   more...
DIRECTIONS There are eight directions. These are: East (E), West (W), North (N), South (S), North-East (N-E), North-West (N-W), South-East (S-E and South-West (S-W). The angle between (East and North) or (North and West) or (South and East) or (South and West) is\[90{}^\circ \]. Clockwise         : The direction in which the clock moves. Anticlockwise   : The opposite direction of the movement of the hands of a clock.            EXAMPLE     Ram starts from his house and goes 15 km northwards, then travels 4 km to the left, the travels 5 km towards the left, then again travels 10 km towards the left, then travels 18 k towards the right, how far and in which direction is he from his house? (a) 10 km, South-East                 (b) 10 km, North-East (c) 9 km, South-West                   (d) 9 km, North-West   Explanation (a): Ram's house is at A. His movement is: \[A\to B\to C\to D\to E\to F\] The final position of Ram is at F. Clearly, F is now in South-East from his house at A. Further, in AAPF, ZAPF = 90° So, by Pythagoras theorem, we have\[A{{F}^{2}}=\text{ }A{{P}^{2}}+\text{ }P{{F}^{2}}\] \[\Rightarrow AF=\sqrt{6+64}=\sqrt{100}=10\]km Thus, Ram is 10 km away from his house and in South-East direction.  

    Venn diagrams are pictorial representation of many sets or groups or classes. A Venn diagram simultaneously shows the common and uncommon elements to the classes. In examination, usually two types of questions are asked as mentioned below:   1.     To choose a Venn diagram which best represents three given classes. 2.     A Venn diagram is provided to answer certain questions based on it. Let us illustrate you with the help of one solved example of each type.     EXAMPLE   1.         Which of the following Venn diagrams represents the relation between 'Peacocks', 'Pigeons' and 'Birds'? (a)                   (b) (c)                     (d)   Explanation (c): Peacocks and pigeons are different from each other but both belong to the category of birds. Therefore, the Venn diagram can be represented as shown below:       2.         Study the diagram given below to answer the question that follows. The triangle in the given figure depicts women in villages, the square depicts the unemployed women and the circle depicts the educated women. Educated employed women in villages are represented by (a) D                             (b) E              (c) F                              (d) G   Explanation (d): Educated women are represented by C, G, E and F. Employed women are represented by A, C and G. Women in villages are represented by A, G, E and D. Required region should be common to all the three groups of regions shown above, i.e. G. Thus, educated employed women in villages are represented by 'G'.            

  TYPE-I Alphabet Test An alphabet test depends upon the English alphabets in different order/sequence and arrangement of different words as in a dictionary.   ALPHABETICAL ORDER Alphabetical order with its serial number is given below:
Input : 48 245 182 26 99 542 378 297
Step I : 542
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S more...


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