(b) 
(c) 
(d) 
(e) 
As it is clear that except option is (d), all the other options have a gap of 2 letters between 3rd and 4th letter and the 1st three and last two letters are in consecutive order. While in case of option (d), 1st three letters and last two letters are in consecutive order but there is a gap of 3 letters between 3rd and 4th letter. This is the reason why option (d) separates itself out of the remaining options. Hence, option (d) is the correct answer.
There are four cardinal directions - North-East (N-E), North-West, (N-W), South-East (S-E) and South-West (S-W) as shown below:
It is clear from the figure that I started my journey moving in the North direction.
Type - II
PASSAGE
Each of the following questions is based on the given information:
Similarly,
Similarly,
Commonly Asked Questions
Similarly,
SCIENTIST is coded in a certain language as ICSTNETSI. AMBULANCE will be coded in the same language as:
(a) MBUALNACA (b) BMAALUECN
(c) MAUBALCNE (d) UBMLAECNA
(e) None of these
Answer: (b)
Explanation: The word is divided into three equal sections, and the letters in each section are moved backward.
Similarly,
Type - II
In this type of questions, coding of words is done by writing their letters in reverse order.
(a) 5 (b) 6
(c) 8 (d) 9
(e) None of these
Answer: (d)
Explanation: The sum of numbers on right and centre subtracted from the number on the left gives the number at the bottom, i.e.
\[93-\left( 27+63 \right)=3;\text{ }79-\left( 38+37 \right)=4,\]
Similarly, \[67-\left( 16+42 \right)=9\]
(a) 3 (b) 8
(c) 10 (d) 14
(e) None of these
Answer: (c)
Explanation: Letter R is 18th in order of alphabetical series. So the product of vertically opposite numbers + 18 (R) = the sum of two horizontally opposite number, i.e.,
\[(28\times ~23)+18=173+489\]
\[644+18=662\]
\[662=662\]
Letter C is 3rd in order, so
\[(54~\times 15)+3=342+471\]
\[810+3=813\]
\[813=813\]
Similarly, letter D is 4th in order
\[(1\times ~11)+4=5+?\]
\[11+4=5+?\]
\[15=5+?\] or \[5+?=15\]
So' \[?=15-5=10\]
Commonly Asked Question
(a) 31 (b) 229
(c) 234 (d) 312
(e) None of these
Answer: (c)
Explanation: The number at the bottom is the product of two numbers at the top, i.e.,
\[13~\times 17=221\]
\[12\times ~19=228,\]
Similarly, \[13~\times 18=234\]
(a) 693 (b) 939
(c) 981 (d) 993
(e) None of these
Answer: (c)
Explanation: The squares of two numbers on the top placed side by side gives the number inside the bottom triangle, i.e.,
\[{{6}^{2}}\] and \[{{3}^{2}}=369\]
\[{{2}^{2}}\] and \[{{5}^{2}}=425,\]
Similarly, \[{{3}^{2}}\] and \[{{9}^{2}}=981.\]
(b) 
(c) 
(d) 
(e) None of these
Answer: (a)
Explanation: The number of lines making the closed figure decreases at every step.
Example 2
Rule: Closed figure becomes more and more open and open figure becomes more and more closed.
(a) 
(b) 
(c) 
(d) 
(e) None of these
Answer: (a)
Explanation: The square which is a closed figure looses one side at each step and the arc which is an open figure gradually becomes a circle.
Commonly Asked Questions
Rule: The number of straight lines forming the geometrical pattern goes on increasing.
(a) 
(b) 
(c) 
(d) 
(e) None of these
Answer: (c)
Explanation: The number of straight line forming the geometrical pattern is 3, 4, 5 and 6.
Rule: The series become complex as it proceeds.
(a) 
(b) 
(c) 
(d) 
(e) None of these
Answer: (c)
Explanation: The number of lines inside the square is increased at each step making the series complex as it proceeds.
Type - II
In this type of questions, a set of figures is given in a matrix. All figures in the matrix follows the same rule. To solve these questions, one should look at the figures in matrix carefully and on the basis of this rule, find the figure that fits in the blank box.
Example 1
(a) 
(b) 
Coal is a sedimentary rock formed from plants that flourished millions of years (about 300 million) ago when tropical swamps covered large areas of the world. Lush vegetation, such as early club mosses, horsetails, and enormous ferns, thrived in these swamps. Generations of this vegetation died and settled to the swamp bottom and over time the organic material lost oxygen and hydrogen, leaving the material with a high percentage of carbon. Layers of mud and sand accumulated over the decomposed plant matter, compressing and hardening the organic material as the sediments deepened. Over millions of years, deepening sediment layers, known as overburden, exerted tremendous heat and pressure on the underlying plant matter, which eventually became coal.
Types of Coal
Peat Lignite Bituminous Anthracite
As geological processes apply pressure to dead biotic matter over time, under suitable conditions it is transformed successively into:
Peat: It is considered to be a precursor of coal, has industrial importance as a fuel in some regions, for example, Ireland and Finland.
Lignite: It is also referred as brown coal, is the lowest rank of coal and used almost exclusively as fuel for electric power generation.
Bituminous: It is dense rock which is usually black but sometimes dark brown, used primarily as fuel in steam-electric power generation, with substantial quantities also used for heat and power applications in manufacturing and to make coke.
Anthracite: It is the highest rank of coal; a harder, glossy, black coal used primarily for give some other use.
Petroleum
It is naturally occurring liquid. It is, also known as crude oil, a fossil fuel, formed over a period of millions of years, from organisms that lived in the sea at that time. Their dead bodies sank to the bottom of sea and were covered with mud and sand. Due to high pressure, heat, in the absence of air, the dead remains of tiny plants and animals were slowly converted into petroleum. The process of separating crude petroleum oil into more useful fractions is called refining. The various useful fractions obtained by the refining of petroleum are: Petroleum gas. Petrol, Kerosene, Diesel, Lubricating oil. Paraffin wax and bitumen.
Combustion
It is a process of rapid oxidation or burning of a substance in the presence of oxygen to produce heat and light.
Requirements for the occurrence of combustion are:
Natural resources are conserved for their biological, economical and recreational values, as well as their natural beauty and importance to the local cultures. For example, tropical rainforests are protected for their important role in both the global ecology and the economic livelihood of the local culture. A coral reef may be protected for its recreational value for scuba divers and a scenic river may be protected for its natural beauty.
Biodiversity
A wild range of different types of organisms which grow, multiply and thrive naturally, are found at any given time in a particular habitat. We should conserve forests and wildlife to preserve biodiversity to prevent endangered species from becoming extinct and to maintain ecological balance in nature.
Deforestation
Deforestation means large scale removal of forest prior to its replacement by other land uses Forests are removed for a variety of reasons, including agriculture, timber harvesting, mining and to make way for roads, dams and human settlements.
Protected Areas
Protected areas are the areas of land or sea especially dedicated to the protection and maintenance of biodiversity. These are managed through legal means and have been set up within the legal frame work of Indian wildlife (Protection) Act.1972. Examples of protected areas are national parks and wildlife sanctuaries.
National Parks
A national park is a large area dedicated to conserve the environment, natural resources and the wildlife therein. In a national park,
Eukaryotic Cells
Eukaryotic cells are typically about ten times larger than the prokaryotic cells. In animal cells, the plasma membrane rather than a cell wall, forms the cell's outer boundary. With a design similar to the plasma membrane of prokaryotic cells, it separates the cell from its surroundings and regulates the traffic across the membrane.
The eukaryotic cell cytoplasm is similar to that of the prokaryotic cell except for one major difference. Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and numerous other membrane enclosed organelles. Like separate rooms of a house, these organelles enable specialized function to be carried out efficiently. For example, the building of proteins and lipids take place in separate organelles where specialized enzymes geared for each job are located. The nucleus is the largest organelle in an animal cell. It contains numerous strands of DNA the length of each strand being many times the diameter of the cell. Unlike the circular prokaryotic DNA, long sections of eukaryotic DNA pack into the nucleus by wrapping around proteins. As a cell begins to divide, each DNA strand folds over onto itself several times, forming a rod-shaped chromosome.
Cell Functions
To stay alive, cells must be able to carry out a variety of functions. Some cells must be able to move and most cells must be able to divide. All cells must maintain the right concentration of chemicals in their cytoplasm, ingest food and use it for energy, recycle molecules, expel wastes and construct proteins. Cells must also be able to respond to ranges in their environment.
Movement
Many unicellular organisms swim, glide, thrash or crawl in search for food and escape from enemies. Swimming organisms often move by means of a flagellum, a long tail-like structure made of protein. For example, many bacteria have one, two or many flagella that rotate like propellers to drive the organism along. Some single-celled eukaryotic organisms such as euglena also have a flagellum, but it is longer and thicker than the prokaryotic flagellum. The eukaryotic flagellum works more... 
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