The word 'caste' is not an Indian one but originates from the Portuguese word 'casta' (breed or race). The Sanskrit word used for groupings is Varna, which was often interpreted to signify colour In a verse from the first millennium epic, the Mahabharata, Bhrigu, the sage explains: "The Brahmins are fair, the Kshatriyas are reddish, the Vaishyas yellow and the Sudras are black"—in simplified terms what the caste system is all about—a stratified and hierarchical socio-economic organization of society (with its own social order, moral and ritual codes), that evolved with India's ancient civilizations, and absorbed the nomadic, Sanskrit speaking Aryan populations who crossed the mountain passes from the steppes of Central Asia and settled in Northern India. The ancient Hindus, literally meaning the people of the valley of the Indus river, soon took on functions and specializations that had little to do with tilling the soil. The four castes
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