Introducing Database
Data is the row fact. It can be character, number or symbols which are processed by a computer. In terms of computer science you can say data may be characters, "acts or number, which can be processed by a computer. A group of meaningful data is called information. Information may be broken down further. In computerize system; you can store the data in spreadsheets or in database. An organized collection of data, which can be updated, accessed and managed in a systematic order is called database. 
E-mail
E-mail (Electronic mail) is a digital correspondence that provides the facility to send and receive text messages, picture files and any other file to and from anyone with an e-mail address. E- mail is fast, easy and inexpensive. Email is a formal conversation. It should be point to point and well written. In current market are many service providers who provides free e-mail services on the Internet, such as www.gmail.com, www.yahoo.com, www.hotmail.com and www.msn.com. The first part of the address is a user name. The second part or domain name defines the Internet provider where the mail is sent. The two parts are separated by an @ sign (pronounced as "at the rate of"). The domain name is followed by an extension that indicates the type of organization to which the network belongs.
The following is an example of an email address:
steve@gmail.com
To send mail:
Introduction to Microsoft Internet Explorer
IE (Internet Explorer) is one of the most popular Internet browsers that was developed by Microsoft. The first version of IE was IE1 that was launched in 1995.Microsoft continually works on the enhancement of IE. Currently Microsoft is working on IE 9. The IE 8 is the latest version of IE. The IE2, IE3, IE4, IE5, IE6 and IE 7 are the older versions of IE.
Internet Tools
The following are the some popular Internet tools
FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
It is a method that is used to transfer files from one networked computer to another. There are two ways to ftp files privately and anonymously. If you have a private account on a machine you can ftp to that machine with your login ID and password. Another way is anonymously ftp. In this method you must know the host name of the computer storing the information. You can login by using anonymous as the ID and your e-mail address as the password and use ftp to transfer any files to your own account or hard disk.
News Reader
It is an application that allows you to access Usenet news. Usenet news consists of several thousand discussion groups where people can post and read articles about more... 
Web Server
A Web server runs a computer application, which is responsible for accepting HTTP requests from clients or Web browser. It also processes the requests send by the client and then sends the HTTP response back to the client.
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
HTTP is a protocol that allows transfers the information on the World Wide Web between clients and servers. The main purpose of the HTTP is publishing and retrieving of the Web pages. The latest version of HTTP is HTTP/1.1.
Hyperlink
Hyperlink allows linking another place in the same document or another document. It also allows to link with World Wide Web. A user just needs to click on hyperlink to go for relevant destination.
Hypertext
Hypertext is a kind of text that contains the reference of other text that exists in the same or other electronic document or the World Wide Web. A reader can immediately access the relevant information by just clicking or pressing key on hypertext. 
Web Page
A standard structure for HTML pages has been recommended by W3C (World Wide Web). Basically HTML page coding always starts with thetag. The structure for an HTML page is always performing in between the opening and closing oftags. HTML pages are having different sections with differenttags. Thesetags are the following:
You can surf or browse the Web in several ways:
World Wide Web (WWW)
For accessing any information on the Internet the system WWW (World Wide Web) is used. It's one of the graphical parts of the internet. With the help of hyperlinks the Web links one Internet site to another. No need to expect every resource on the Internet to be accessible through the Web. To access this, a document must be coded with links that can be read by Web servers. Newsgroups and E-mails are not part of Web. The key piece of the Internet Software needed to access and navigate the Web is a Web browser. Interface enables you to ask for and view Web pages. Browsers vary in the number of features and the quality they offer. The two most popular browsers are the Netscape Navigator and Internet Explorer.
The following are the Few Advantages of WWW
Provides interactive GUI environment. Basically it presents a standard interface to FTP, News, email, and other Internet tools, as well as a standard way of accessing information through web pages and databases through forms. The web has become a valuable tool to access the net.
Provides formatted output that supports formatted text and represents information in customize way.
Uniform Resource Locators (URLs)
URL enables a uniform way of identifying resources that are available by using the IP (Internet Protocols).
The following is the basic format of the URL:
Protocol: //host/path/filename Host name is broken down into two or more parts separated by periods. The periods separate domain information from the host name. Commonly domain names for Web servers start with www, such as www.google.com, which identifies the Web server called Google in the commercial domain. The following table lists some domains:
| Domain | Name Description |
| edu | Is used for education sites. |
| Com | Is used for commercial sites. |
| Gov | Is used for government sites. |
| Net | Is used for network sites. |
| org | Is used for organizational sites. |
| Mil | Is used for military sites. |
| In | Is used for India. |
Introduction to the Internet
The research about the Internet began in 1960s. In mid 1990s the Internet became commercialized. The Internet is a global network of computers. It uses TCP/IP standard suite to serve billions of users worldwide. It is also called network of networks that contains number of public, private, academic, banking and government networks. Internet has brought the new revolution in communication media. It enhances old technology, such as telephone and television in VolP (Voice over Internet Protocol) and 1PTV. Print media has been reshaped into e-newspaper, blogging and web feed.
The Internet is controlled by two groups that influence it. Two volunteer groups?a council called the 1AB (Internet Architecture Board) and a technical advisory team called the IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force)?work together to enforce minor rules to keep the whole thing working, such as deciding which kinds of communications languages should be supported by the network. Although the Internet includes different types of computers and networks, it can't work unless everybody observes a few basic rules in their underlying communications technologies. These volunteer groups develop these rules to keep the Internet running smoothly. The following figure shows how computers are connected with Internet:
The Following are the Advantages of the Internet
Email
Using Internet you can send any information, greeting and any type of file, such as picture to any location of the world.
Buy or Sell Products
Using Internet you can buy and sell products all over the world. There are many websites available in market, such as www.baazi.com that provides the facility to buy or sell product.
Ticket Booking
Using Internet you can book your railway ticket, air ticket and cinema ticket. You do not need to go anywhere just connect your computer with the Internet.
Banking
Using Internet you can check your bank account status. You can also transfer money from one account to other account.
Searching
Is one the most important features through which we are able to grasp knowledge of any thing through any of the search engine. GOOGLE is one of the common search engines through which we can get any information regarding any topic, organization, and many other things can be learnt through this. 
Binary Addition
The addition rules for binary bits are:
0 + 0 = 0
0 + 1 = 1
1 + 0 = 1 .
1 + 1 = 10
1 + 1 + 1 = 11
One's Complement
One's component is a system that is used to represent negative numbers. To take 1's complement of binary digit, replace all Is with Os and all Os with Is. For Example, 1's complement of 111111 is 000000.
Two's Complement
While taking two's complement of a binary number you need to first obtain the first complement of that number then add 1 in the 1's complement. The following example shows how to find 2's complement of 111110.
1's complement of 111110 is 000001.
Adding 1 in the 1's complement:
000001
+1
000010
Which one of the following statements is true? Statement A: The octal number system is based on 8. Statement B: 998 is an octal number.
(A) Statement A is correct
(B) Statement B is correct
(C) Both statement A and B are correct
(D) Neither statement A nor statement B is correct
Answer: (a)
Explanation
Correct Option:
(A) Only statement a is correct.
Incorrect Options:
Therefore, option (A) is correct and rest of the options is incorrect.
One's component is a system that is used to represent negative numbers. The one's complement of 111000 is ...............
(A) 000111
(B) 001111
(C) 110011
(D) 010011
(E) None of these
Answer: (a)
Explanation
Correct Option:
(A) The ones's complement of 111000 is 000111.
Incorrect Options:
Therefore, option (A) is correct and rest of the options is incorrect.
While taking two's complement of a binary number you need to first obtain the first complement of that number. The two's complement of 111111 is ...............
(A) 000000
(B) 100000
(c) 000001
(D) 111111
(E) None of these
Answer: (c)
Explanation
Correct Option:
(C) 1's complement of 111111 is 000000. Adding 1 in the 1's complement: 000000 +1 000001
Incorrect Options:
Therefore, option (C) is correct and rest of the options is incorrect.
Arrange the four parts P, Q, R and S between A and B in order to make a sensible story or a sequence of a story.
A: There was once a little boy who had a bad temper. His Father gave him a bag of nails and told him that every time he lost his temper, he must hammer a nail into the back of the fence.
P: The first day the boy had driven 37 nails into the fence. Over the next few weeks, as he learned to control his anger, the number of nails hammered daily gradually dwindled down.
Q: The father took his son by the hand and led him to the fence. He said, "You have done well, my son, but look at the holes in the fence."
R: He discovered it was easier to hold his temper than to drive those nails into the fence. Finally, the day came when the boy didn't lose his temperat all.
S: He told his father about it and the father suggested that the boy now pull out one nail for each day that he was able to hold his temper. The day passed and the young boy was finally able to tell his father that all the nails were gone.
B: The fence will never be the same. When you say things in anger, they leave a scar just like this one. You can put a knife in a man and draw it out. It won't matter how many times you say I'm sorry, the wound is still there. A verbal wound is as bad as a physical one.
(a) P R S Q
(b) R P Q S
(c) R S P Q
(d) Q P S R
(e) None of these
A: A man found a cocoon of a butterfly. One day a small opening appeared; he sat and watched the butterfly for several hours as it struggled to force its body through that little hole. Then it seemed to stop making any progress. It appeared as if it had gotten as far as it could and it could go no farther.
P: Neither happened! In fact, the butterfly spent the rest of its life crawling around with a swollen body and shriveled wings. It never was able to fly.
Q: The man continued to watch the butterfly because he expected that, at any moment, the wings would enlarge and expand to be able to support the body, which would contract in time.
R: What this man in his kindness and haste did not understand was that the restricting cocoon and the struggle required for the butterfly to get through the tiny opening were nature's way of forcing fluid from the body more... 
Judging Logic of Story
Introduction: It needs proper concentration and attentiveness to find out any logic of a proposition. Logic is based on judgment and common sense. You need to be careful before you infer a conclusion.
Arrange the four parts P, Q, R and S between A and B in order to make a sensible story or a sequence of a story.
Select the correct option from the given choices:
A: Shri Krishna Paramaatma, who blessed Bhaarateeyas with Geeta- Amrutam, is just learning to utter small words. The One, who occupied Bhoomi-Aakaashams with two feet, as Vaamana-Murti, is just learning to walk. Day-by-day, to the aanandam of Nanda and Yashoda, Baala Krishna was growing-up.
P: While Shri Krishna was playing, the dust on His body used to resemble Vibhuuti on Paramashiva's body. The mauktikamaala with which Yashoda tied His curly hair resembled half-moon on Chandrashekhara's head. Kasturatilakam of Baala Krishna looked like the third eye of Kaamaari.
Q: Baala Krishna used to play many vichitra-kreedas with Gopabaalas. Gopikaas believed that the mischief of Krishna paramaatma was true! They did not realize that the mischievous deeds of Baala Krishna were nothing but great Mahopadeshams for them.
R: Who can understand the actions of Yogeeshvareshvara, Shri Krishna, completely? One of the Gopikaas who lost her patience by the mischief of the Lord, approached Yashoda and complained like this 'O Yashoda What should I tell about this naughty child of yours? The women in our house have no milk to give to their babies. They wanted to at least feed the babies, who were crying with hunger, with Go- Ksheeram.
S: From nowhere your child, Shri Krishna, came and released the calves near the cows. The calves drank-off milk from the cows, leaving nothing for the babies.
B: The duhkham of mothers who were not able to feed their babies is indescribable. Is this Nyaayam? O Ambhojaakshi! Please tell us'.
(a) P Q R S
(b) Q P R S
(c) S R P Q
(d) P R Q S
(e) None of these
Answer: (a)
A: A story tells that two friends were walking through the desert. During some point of the journey they had an argument, and one friend slapped the other one in the face.
P: After the friend recovered from the near drowning, he wrote on a stone: "Today my best friend saved my life."
Q: They kept on walking until they found an oasis, where they decided to take a bath. The one, who had been slapped, got stuck in the mire and started drowning, but the friend saved him.
R: The one who got slapped was hurt, but without saying anything, wrote in the sand: "Today my more...
The proper sequence should be:
\[{{\text{S}}_{\text{1}}}\]: For some time in his youth Abraham Lincoln was manager for a shop.
P: Then a chance Customer would come.
Q: Young Lincoln's way of keeping shop was entirely unlike anyone else's.
R: Lincoln would jump up and attend to his needs and then revert to his reading.
S: He used to lay full length on the counter of the shop eagerly reading a book.
\[{{\text{S}}_{\text{2}}}\]: Never before had Lincoln had so much time for reading as had then.
(a) S R Q P
(b) Q S P R
(c) S Q R P
(d) Q P S R
(e) None of these
The proper sequence should be:
\[{{\text{S}}_{\text{1}}}\]: All the land was covered by the ocean.
P: The leading god fought the monster, killed it and chopped its body in to two halves.
Q: A terrible monster prevented the gods from separating the land from the water.
R: The god made the sky out of the upper part of the body and ornamented it with stars.
S: The god created the earth from the lower part, grew plants on it and populated it with animals.
\[{{\text{S}}_{\text{2}}}\]: The god molded the first people out of clay according to his own image and mind.
(a) Q P R S
(b) P Q S R
(c) Q P S R
(d) P Q R S
(e) None of these
The proper sequence should be:
\[{{\text{S}}_{\text{1}}}\]: Smoke oozed up between the planks.
P: Passengers were told to be ready to quit the ship.
Q: The rising gale fanned the shouldering fire.
R: Everyone now knew there was fire on board.
S: Flames broke out here and there.
\[{{\text{S}}_{\text{2}}}\]: Most people bore the shock bravely.
(a) S R Q P
(b) Q P S R
(c) R S P Q
(d) Q S R P
(e) None of these
The proper sequence should be:
\[{{\text{S}}_{\text{1}}}\]: You know my wife, Madhavi, always urged me to give up smoking.
P: I really gave it up.
Q: And so when I went to jail I said to myself I really must give it up, if for no other reason than of being self-reliant.
R: When I emerged from jail, I wanted to tell her of my great triumph.
S: But when I met her, there she was with a packet of cigarettes.
\[{{\text{S}}_{\text{2}}}\]: Poor girl!
(a) P S R Q
(b) S P Q R
(c) Q P R S
(d) R S P Q
(e) None of these
The proper sequence should be:
\[{{\text{S}}_{\text{1}}}\]: When a satellite is launched, the rocket more... 
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