Current Affairs 10th Class

   

Write a telegram to your father stating him that you will be visiting him in the next week as you are going to Hyderabad on an official tour.

One of your roommates has met with a motorcycle accident and has been hospitalised. Write a telegram to his father in Nasik stating him about the accident and seeking his immediate visit to Chandigarh.

Your cousin has adopted a child recently. Write a telegram to your father stating him about the adoption.

You serve with a wing of the Indian Army. You have taken a leave for one month and went to your native place. Before a few days of the completion of your leave, you wanted to extend the leave for more 15 days. Write a telegram to the Major of your battalion seeking his favour.

You have won a contest and received prize money worth one lac rupees recently. Write a telegram to your mother stating her about the event.

You stay in Mumbai away from your home in Varanasi. Recently, the company provided you a Honda City car for commuting. Write a telegram to your father informing him of this surprising experience.  

        TELEGRAM WRITING     Introduction: A telegram is a very short and to the point message sent by telegraph from one place to another and then usually delivered to the receiver in written form. A telegraphic message is fast but expensive because every word in the message is charged. A telegraphic message is written on a specially designed Performa which has three distinct parts:

• Address of the addressee
• Message and sender's name
• Details of the sender's name (Signature and Address)    

      1.       A telegram sent to a father by his son on getting a promotion in his job and new posting. Adarsh Sharma Green Park Extn. New Delhi GOT PROMOTION YESTERDAY.POSTED TO AHMEDABAD. LETTER FOLLOWS. Anand Sharma 56, Radio Club, Colaba Mumbai       2.       You are serving the country by working in one of the Army Battalions. Recently, you have come on a vacation to your native place for one month. Due to some problems going on in the Indo-Pak border, the Major of the Battalion sends you a telegram to return soon and resume duty. Write a reply telegram ensuring the Major of your early return stating a tentative date of joining the battalion. Sunil Aiyar Nanganallur Chennai GOT TICKET FOR THURSDAY. SHALL REACH ON SATURDAY AND SOON RESUME DUTY. Major Gen. K. P. Singh 56 Battalion, Anantnag Jammu and Kashmir     3.       You have joined a IT company in Gurgaon recently and yesterday you have been informed that for the sake of training you have to go to California in the next week. Write a telegram to your father in Bangalore giving him the information. Shivraj Saxena 12, Central Lane Bangalore GOING TO CALIFORNIA NEXT WEEK FOR TRAINING. COMPANY INFORMED YESTERDAY. Shyamal Saxena Srinivas Puri New Delhi     4.       You have taken part in the audition of a singing competition recently got selected. Write a telegram to your uncle stating him of this great opportunity. Mohan Dutta Kendrapara Bhubaneshwar SELECTED IN A TALENT HUNT SINGING COMPETITION.MOVING TO MUMBAlSHORTLY. Prasun Dutta 24, Co Nege Street Kolkata  

     Creating Table     Table is a structure of rows and columns that stores information in logical manner. Rows are identified as records and the columns as fields. In other word you can say table is a collection of data about some specific or related subject. MS Access enables the following ways to create a new table:      Using a Wizard MS Access enables a table wizard that provides a step-by-step approach to create a table. It guides you through the entire wizard, and on the basis of your specifications it creates a table.        Using a Datasheet MS Access allows creating table in datasheet view by entering records. A datasheet is somewhat similar to a spreadsheet (in Excel). You simply need to enter the data that you want in your table.      Using Design View The design view lets you create a table from the scratch. In design view you can completely control the data entry, manipulation and appearance of data.      Creation of Table Using a Wizard and Set Primary Key      To create a table, using wizard:

• Select Create table by using wizard option and double-click it to open the Table Wizard. Tins Window lists Sample Tables according to the table category you select, either Business or Personal.
• While selecting a sample table, the corresponding predefined fields for that table appear in the Sample Fields list box. Use the arrow buttons to add fields or remove fields from the Fields in my new table list box. You can use the Rename field button to rename any field and make it more meaningful.
• Type the table name, such as Stu record in the text box displayed. Select Yes, set a primary key for me option so that the wizard automatically sets a primary key for your table. Primary key is a unique key. It does not contain duplicate records. While creating a separate table for each topic, repetition of data is avoided and data entry errors are reduced. Basically primary key is a field or a group of fields that uniquely identify each record in a table. While defining a primary key, you need to keep the following points in mind:
• Make sure that the column which you want to make a primary key does not contain duplicate records.
• Keep records sorted by the entries in the primary key field.
• Click Next.
• When you click Next, another Table Wizard window opens, which is the last window of the wizard. It displays three options for data entry in the table just created. Select the last option. Enter data into the table using a form the wizard creates for me.
• Click Finish to open the data entry form for your table.
• Enter the appropriate data in the text boxes provided for each field.
• After entering all the more...

   

Write a conversation between a petrol pump attendant and a customer who is requesting the attendant to provide fuel into his vehicle, although the service time is over.

You want to order an ice-cream from Mother Dairy. Write a conversation that could take place between the service man and you regarding ordering of the ice-cream until delivery.

You have seen a young boy riding on a motorcycle meet with an accident. After coming home, in the evening, you call your friend to state about the horrific incident. Write the conversation.

Your father has surprisingly bought tickets for Goa to visit during your summer vacation. Your mother has gone to her mother's place. You call your mother on her mobile and inform her about your father's buying the tickets to Goa. Write the conversation that could have taken place.

You have gone to a Metro station to buy a Smart Card. When you have visited the Customer Care Centre, the representative acknowledged you that the time for issuing Smart Card is between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m. Write a conversation that could take place between the representative and you.

Before going for a friend's birthday, you went to a florist to buy a bouquet. But the florist said that there are no roses and he would make the bouquet with some other varieties of flowers. You ask the florist to use some good flowers so that the bouquet looks appealing. Write a conversation that might be possible in this case.    

       MESSAGE WRITING    Introduction: Writing message is an art, and the art to write a short and clear message is a very important writing skill which needs to be mastered.  Most often the input for a message comes in the form of a telephonic conversation between two people.           1.    A general telephone conversation between Prakash and Kumar. Prakash: Hello Kumar, How are you? Kumar: Hi Prakash, I am good. Prakash: How you doing? Kumar: Yeah, I am doing well. What about you? Prakash: Great. How are your parents? Kumar: They are very fine. Prakash: And your job? Kumar: Good. What about your job? Prakash: Very nice. Kumar: How are you feeling today? Prakash: Yeah, I am feeling great, because we are talking after a pretty longtime. Kumar: My pleasure. How is the temperature in Delhi? Prakash: It's fine but little bit humid although the temperature is not much. Kumar: OK, here in Mumbai too, the weather is dull. It is full of could in the sky and rain can begin anytime from now. Prakash: It's really good to hear this. In Delhi, although the monsoon has arrived, the rain is not up to the mark. Kumar: Is it so? But 1 have heard that the summer of Delhi is too hard to pass. Prakash: Yes, you are right. Kumar: It's not very hot over here and not very cold, but in the evening it's quite pleasant. Prakash: Then, you are so lucky to be there. Kumar: All right then, call you soon. Prakash: OK, Kumar, bye. Prakash: Bye and take care.   2.    A conversation between two friends who meet each other and ask about submitting of application form. Rani: Hi, Radha! Have you submitted your application form? Radha: Not yet. I'll do it tomorrow. Radha: Why? Radha:I couldn't make photocopies of my certificates because there was no electricity in that area. Rani: OK, what group are you planning to choose? Radha: l'll be choosing Mathematics and Biology. Rani: Why both? Radha:I want to keep my options open. I want to become either an electrical or electronic engineer or a doctor. Rani: That's a terrific idea! live decided to choose the second group. Radha: Why the second group? 1 thought you would choose the first group! Rani: l'm terribly scared of Mathematics and also Zoology. Radha: Strange! Your grandfather was a famous Mathematician. Rani: What about Anuska? She was interested in History and Geography. Radha:I heard that she is planning to join the vocational group. Rani: Why? Radha: She told me that she wants to participate in different basketball tournaments. Hence is that choice. Rani: OK, we'll meet tomorrow. Radha: Yes, tomorrow is the last day to submit the application form, so be there at time. Rani:   Sure, l'll.   3.   Conversation between a customer and a salesman in a gift shop. Salesman: Good morning sir! Customer: Good more...

   

You are the Sports Secretary of your school. Write a notice in not more than 50 words for the school Notice Board, asking the students interested in Cricket to give their names for selection for your school Cricket team. (Eligibility: Students above 14 years)

Suppose you are the Head Boy/Head Girl of your school. Write a notice for your school Notice Board calling for the entries from interested students for Bournvita Quiz Contest - Preliminary Round to be held at your school.

The Students' Council of your school has organized an Excursion to Ajanta and Ellora for the students of classes XI and XII during Winter Break. As President of the Council, write a notice in not more than 50 words telling the students about this excursion and inviting their names for joining it.

You are the Secretary, Science Forum, of your school. Write a notice for the school Notice Board inviting the students to attend a lecture to be delivered by an eminent scientist from the Bhava Atomic Research Centre, Trom bay.                   

Write a notice for the school Notice Board inviting volunteers for one day Blood Donation Camp to be organized in your school.

You are the Student Editor of your school magazine 'Vibgyor'. Draft a suitable notice for your school Notice Board inviting articles, poems, etc. for the forthcoming edition of the magazine.    

       Notice Writing    Notice, Message, Telegram & Reports     Introduction: Writing, communicating information or warning, that is serving notice is notice writing. In simple words, a notice means written or printed news or some useful Information to be conveyed to the general public, group of persons or students about a specific programme. A notice can refer to an event that has happened or about to happen in the near future. A well written notice shows a student's skill of organization and presentation of matter as well as language accuracy.               Characteristics of an effective notice

• There are four important characteristics of a good notice:
• Notice should be complete in all respects as like:
• Who is giving the information
• For whom the information is meant
• What is the information
• What is the action, if any, is to be taken
• The date on which the notice is being issued.
• Notice should be specific and concise, that is, it carries only relevant details in brief.
• The language should be kept as simple as possible so that there is no possibility of a misunderstanding in the reader's mind.
• A notice is a formal piece of writing but care should be taken to avoid a harsh tone.

      1.    Your school is holding a cultural Fiesta for collecting funds for the Bihar flood victims. Draft a notice for your school notice board giving details of the programme and donations to be made. 27thAugust, 2011                                                                                                     NOTICE Invitation to All ! This is for all concerned that a cultural Fiesta is being organized at the school auditorium for the purpose of fund raising for the Bihar flood victims on 17thSeptember, 2011 (Saturday). The event is scheduled to begin at 4 p.m. The main attraction of the function will be staging of Shakespeare's play 'Hamlet' by the students of class IX and X and Odyssey dance by one of the renowned troupes from Karnataka, besides other attractions. All the students are therefore requested to buy their entry coupons, available at the school library between 12 and 2 p.m. on all weekdays except Saturdays. The students are free to call their parents to attend the Fiesta, if they wish to. Your valued presence would help to make the Fiesta a grand success as well as meet the purpose for the sake of relief of the flood victims. For further details contact the undersigned. Mahua Paul Students' Secretary, Ramjas School   2.    You are the Sports Secretary of St. Columbus School. Your school has decided to host the Regional Level Basket Ball more...

   Creating a Database     Microsoft Access is a data base management system that provides GUI environment : 3 manipulate data easily. MS Access gives best compatibility with Windows operating system. Using Access you can enter, sort and retrieve data, extract subsets of data based on specific criteria, create user-friendly forms and customized reports. To start the MS Access: Select start Programs  Microsoft Office  Microsoft Office Access 2003 to open MS Access 2003. Before creating a table you need to create a database file. A data base file contains all the database objects, such as the tables, forms and reports.        MS Access enables the following ways to create a new database:

• Creating a blank database
• Creating a new database from a template  

     Creating a Blank Database It is a very straightforward technique.      To create a blank database: 

• Click Blank database link in the New File task pane on the right side of the window. And create the database with the name databasel.mdb.
• Click Create, the new database window appears in the Access workspace.  

   Creating a Database from a Template MS Access enables several types of template, such as asset tracking, contact management, inventory control and other database types.      To create a database from a template: 

• Select File  New. In the Templates area of the New File task pane, click My Computer link to open the Templates dialog box.
• You can click Databases tab to view more database templates. Select the database template that you want to use.
• Click OK to open File New Database dialog box. Basically it specifies a location for the database.
• Type the name for the database and click Create.
• A new database file is created, and then the Database Wizard associated with the template starts.
• Click Next to open the list of tables in the database.
• Select a table and style for screen displays and then click Next.
• Type the title of the database in the text box provided. You can also include a picture for your reports.
• Click Next to continue. Click Finish to create the database from the template.

    Basic Concept of Database   DBMS (Database Management System) is a program which retrieves, modifies and stores the data in database on request. A complete DBMS includes software and hardware utilities, procedures, data and users. The following are the different types of users who can retrieve or access the data from database.      End User It is a person who interacts directly with the DBMS through client software.      DBA (Database Administrator) It is a person responsible for implementing the database management system within an organization.      Application Programmer It is a person who develops the applications that is used for interacting with the, data. The RDBMS (Relational Database Management System) is the advanced form of DBMS. In RDBMS data is stored in the form of table. Each table has unique name. A table contains one or more rows and columns. The total number of attributes or columns which compromise a table is called the degree of the table. RDBMS creates; relationship between two or more tables. The following are some of the key terms in RDBMS:        Tuple It represents an object and information about the object. It contains the datal corresponding to an entity. The number of tuples in a relation is called the cardinality of the relation.      Table It is a collection of rows and columns that contains data. A column contains same type of data, such as class name, table does not contain marks.      Attribute It is the property of an entity that differentiates it from other entities and provides information about the entity.      Domain It describes the set of possible values for a given attribute. Any value that appears under a column must belongs to its domain. While designing the tables of a database, you need to enforce the data integrity in the database. Enforcing the data integrity ensures that data in the database is valid and correct. You enforce the data integrity in a database by using the following types of keys:      Candidate Key It is an attribute that contains unique value. The candidate key has the maximum eligibility to make primary key.      Unique Key It is an attribute that contains unique value. Unique key can contain NULL value.      Primary Key It is an attribute that contains unique value. The main difference between primary Key and unique key is that primary key cannot contain a NULL value.    Foreign Key it creates relationship between two or more table. Basically it is an attribute that appears as a candidate key in one table and primary key in another table.       more...

  Need of Database   Without database you cannot maintain data in proper way. You can face a lot of problem, such as data duplicity and security. Using database you can manage your data in proper and secure way.      Database provides the following advantages: 

• Sharing Data.
• Avoiding data redundancy.
• Maintaining integrity of data.
• Avoiding inconsistency of data.
• Securing data.  

   Disadvantages Database maintenance increases the cost because it requires special database software and hardware. Database systems are complex, difficult and time- consuming to design. It requires initial training for all users and programmers.