7th Class

 PARAGRAPH COMPLETION   DEFINITION Paragraph Completion has been an important component of the verbal section. For those who have not had any encounter with paragraph completion in the past, it refers to the question type where a paragraph is given and a sentence from the given paragraph is removed (In most of the cases, the last sentence is removed). All you have to do is to complete the paragraph i.e., you have to choose the option which completes the given paragraph in the best manner from the given options. Solving Passage Completion questions is all about how much one can comprehend from the given paragraph. The more you understand the paragraph, the easier it becomes for you to solve the question. It becomes easier for you to solve these types of questions if you are a good reader. Go through the paragraph and try to catch the essence of the more...

 SITUATION REACTION TEST   DEFINITION Situation Reaction Tests (SRTs) are a type of psychological test which present the test-taker with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the individual to identify the most appropriate response or to rank the responses in the order they feel is most effective. SRTs can be presented to test-takers through a variety of modalities, such as booklets, films, or audio recordings. SRTs represent a distinct psychometric approach from the common knowledge-based multiple choice item. SRTs tend to determine behavioural tendencies, assessing how an individual will behave in a certain situation, and knowledge instruction, which evaluates the effectiveness of possible responses. These tests could also reinforce the status quo with an organization. Unlike most psychological tests SRTs are not acquired 'off-the-shelf, but are in fact designed as a bespoke tool, tailor-made to suit the individual role requirements. This is because SRTs are not a type of test with more...

SYNONYMS & ANTONYMS This is another very important of the vocabulary section. This section tests widely and exhaustively one’s knowledge of the language and word power, but goes beyond that to test your ability to remember words with similar meanings or opposite meanings. Or, alternately, to discover the similarity or proximity between the meaning of the given word with one of those in the options.   STRATEGY-1 If you do not know the meaning of the word, think of context in which you might have used it, that may help you to figure out the meaning, for example, in the question find the word nearest in meaning to   MAGNIFY (a) Forgive (b) diminish (c) swell (d) extract Now if you do not know what magnify means think of a magnifying glass and what it does. It expands or makes a thing look bigger. So the right answer will be more...

ANALOGY & CLASSIFICATION   An analogy is a comparison in which an idea or a thing is compared to another thing that is quite different from it. It aims at explaining that idea or thing by comparing it to something that is familiar. Metaphors and similes are tools used to draw an analogy Therefore, analogy is more extensive and elaborate than either a simile or a metaphor.   Consider the following example: "Structure of an atom is like a solar system. Nucleus is the sun and electrons are the planets revolving around the sun."    Here an atomic structure is compared to a solar system by using "like". Therefore, it is a simile. Metaphor is used to relate the nucleus to the sun and the electrons to the planets without using words "like" or "as'. Hence, similes and metaphors are employed to develop an analogy. Examples of analogy from everyday life more...

ONE WORD SUBSTITUTION, SPELLING, PUNCUATION AND JUMBLED WORD   One Word Substitution ‘One Word Substitution' as the phrase indicates itself is the word that replaces group of words or a full sentence effectively without creating any kind of ambiguity in the meaning of the sentences. Like the word- Autobiography, can be used in place of the sentence 'The life story of a man written by himself. It is very important to write precisely and speak in a single word. Generally, we speak or write in a garrulous way. But, it is seen that precise words are always understood easily by all. At times we become verbose which is not required and we are required to talk or speak precisely. This not only makes the language easily comprehensible but also makes it beautiful. The other way, we can say that these words are used to bring an effect of compression in more...

 IDIOMS AND PHRASES / PROVERBS    IDIOMS The term refers to a set expression or a phrase comprising two or more words. An interesting fact regarding the device is that the expression is not interpreted literally. The phrase is understood as to mean something quite different from what individual words of the phrase would imply. Alternatively, it can be said that the phrase is interpreted in a figurative sense. We can say that idiom is a word or phrase which means different from its literal meaning. These are common phrases or terms whose meaning are not real, but can be understood by their popular use. It is very necessary to use idioms properly; otherwise it will bring no sense. Some idioms are only used by some groups of people or at certain times. The idiom shape up or ship out, which is like saying improve your behaviour or leave if more...

CONTEXTUAL USAGE   One of the difficulties in learning English language is the vocabulary. Although the words may seem simple enough to memorize, the contextual use of these words proves to be quiet challenging at times. Did you ever find yourself in a conversation where you have no idea what the other person is saying? May be it's the person at the car repair place using words like 'carburetor' or 'camshaft,' and you just nod your head and wait for the price. Or maybe you're taking a test, and you're supposed to analyze a passage. But there are certain words in the passage you are unable to understand. You have no access to a dictionary. What do you do? Well, we're not going to teach your car terminology. It's all about determining the meaning of the word by using context. Context refers to the other words and sentences around the more...

NOUNS / PRONOUNS / VERBS / ADVERBS   Nouns A noun is a word that identifies:

• a person (woman, boy, doctor, neighbour)
• a thing (dog, building, tree, country)
• an idea, quality, or state (truth, danger, birth, happiness).

There are several different types of nouns, which are as follows:   COMMON NOUN A common noun is a noun that refers to people or things in general, e.g., boy, country, bridge, city, birth, day, happiness.   PROPER NOUN A proper noun is a name that identifies a particular person, place, or thing, e.g., Rohit, Africa, Tower Bridge, London, Monday. In written English, proper nouns begin with capital letters.   CONCRETE NOUN A concrete noun is a noun which refers to people and to things that exist physically and can be seen, touched, smelled, heard, or tasted. Examples include, dog, building, tree, rain, beach, tune, Tower Bridge.   ABSTRACT more...

 ADJECTIVES/ ARTICLES/ PREPOSITIONS/ CONJUNCTIONS   ADJECTIVES              An adjective is a word that describes a noun, giving extra information about it.              For example:              a sweet taste              a red apple              a technical problem              an Italian -woman   POSITIONS OF ADJECTIVES Most adjectives can be used in two positions: attributive adjectives occur before the noun they describe while predicative adjectives are used after certain verbs:              a black cat                              [attributive]              The cat was black.            [predicative]   Comparative and superlative adjectives Most adjectives have three forms: the positive (e.g. sad), the comparative (e.g. sadder and the superlative [e.g. saddest). The formation of comparative and superlative adjectives (and adverbs) is known as comparison.   Gradable and non-gradable adjectives Most adjectives are gradable. This means that you can modify (strengthen, weaken, or otherwise change) their meanings by placing one or more adverbs in front of them (e.g. a more...

 VOICES AND NARRATIONS   Voices Depending on the way in which you word a sentence, a verb can be either active or passive. When the verb is active, the subject of the verb is doing the action, as in these examples: France                      beat Brazil in the final. [subject]                 [active verb] More than 300 million people speak Spanish. [subject]                 [active verb] Ravi                           will take the matter forward. [subject]                 [active verb] When the verb is passive, the subject undergoes the action rather than doing it: Brazil         was beaten by France in the final. [subject]                 [passive verb] Spanish   is spoken by more than 300 million people worldwide. [subject]                 [passive verb] The matter             will be taken forward by Ravi. [subject]                 [passive verb]   Here, the sentences' points of view have changed: Brazil, Spanish, and the matter have become the subjects of the passive verbs more...