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7th Class

Feeding and Digestion in Microorganisms

*       Introduction   Animals require food for their energy and growth. But, they are not capable of making food by themselves. Therefore, they have to depend on the plant kingdom for their food and nutrition. Every animal, directly or indirectly depend on plants for their nutritional needs. However, the requirements of different components of nutrients is not in equal quantity in an animal body. Some nutrients are required in very less quantity, wherein some are required in large quantity. The nutrients, which are required in less quantity in an animal body are called micronutrients or trace elements. For example, minerals and vitamins. Micronutrients are called protective food as they provide the nutrients for the body to fight disease. The nutrients, which are required in large quantity in an animal body are called macro nutrients. For example, carbohydrates, fats, proteins and water. In this more...
Catgeory: 7th Class

Feeding and Digestion Process of a Grass (Plant) Eating Animal

*       Feeding and Digestion process of a Grass (Plant) Eating Animal   Depending upon the food habit, animals are classified into three categories: (i)   Herbivores (ii)   Carnivores (iii) Omnivores The animals those who eat plants and plant's products only are known as herbivores. Animals that eat only flesh of other animals are called carnivores. And the animals that eat both plants and plant's products are called omnivores. Therefore, the grass eating animals come in the category of herbivores. Herbivores are also called primary consumer as they feed on plants and plant's products directly. Look at the following picture of digestive system of a herbivores or grass eating animal:                       These animals graze and take food through the mouth. In mouth food is mixed with saliva , secreted by the salivary glands. Teeth more...
Catgeory: 7th Class

Feeding and Digestion in a Human Body

*       Feeding and Digestion in a Human Body   Feeding and digestion in a human body starts from mouth. Food particle from the mouth is transported into stomach through the food pipe and thereafter to small intestine. After the absorption of nutrients, undigested food is transported to large intestine where small amount of salt and water is absorbed.   Look at the following picture of digestive system in the human body:         *           Mouth part of the Digestive System Mouth of the human body is called buccal cavity. Teeth in the mouth breakdown the injected food into small pieces with the help of saliva, which is secrete by salivary glands. Saliva breaks down the starch into sugars. The functions of different teeth are more...
Catgeory: 7th Class

STATISTICS

Learning objective  
  • To learn to terms data, frequency, frequency distribution, mode class interval, etc.
  • To learn how to arrange observations (data) in grouped data.
  • To learn how to find Arithmetic mean of the given data.
  • To understand the way to represent the given data in the form of pictograph and Bar graph.
  • To learn how to interpret the data given in the graph (pictograph and Bar graph).
  INTRODUCTION Extraction of meaningful information by collection of data, organising, summarizing, presenting and analyzing the data is a branch of mathematics called statistics. Data is defined as the particular information in numeric form.   PRIMARY DATA If the data is collected by the investigator herself/himself with the specific purpose, then more...
Catgeory: 7th Class

NON-VERBAL SERIES

Learning Objectives:
  • To learn about a definite relationship between elements.
  • To learn how to obtain a figure with the help of preceding figure.
The word "series" is defined as anything that follows to forms a specific pattern or in continuation of a given pattern or sequence. In this type of non-verbal test, two sets of figures pose the problem. The sets are called problem Figures and Answer Figures. Each problem figure changes in design from the preceding one. The answer figure set contains 4 figures marked (a), (b), (c), (d). You are required to choose the correct answer figure, which would best continue the series.   TYPE I A definite relationship between elements in given figures. Example 1: Study the problem figures marked A, B and more...
Catgeory: 7th Class

MENSURATION

Learning Objectives:
  • To understand the terms perimeter and area.
  • To learn how to find the perimeter of square, rectangle and triangles etc.
  • To learn how to find the area of square, rectangle, triangle, and parallelogram etc.
  • To understand how to calculate the area of rectangular path.
  • To learn how to calculate the circumference and area of circle.
  PERIMETER AND AREA PERIMETER: Perimeter is the total boundary length of a closed figure. The commonly used units of perimeter are kilometer, meter and centimeter.
Shape Total no. of sides Perimeter
more...
Catgeory: 7th Class

COMPARING QUANTITIES

Learning Objectives:
  • To understand the concept of ratio and proportion.
  • To learn how to find the value of required quantity by using unitary method.
  • To understand percentage and some important formulae related to percentage.
  • To understand the terms cost price, selling price, profit, loss, discount, marked price etc,
  • To learn some formulae which are useful to calculate CP, SP, profit, loss, discount, marked price etc.
  • To understand the concept of simple interest and learn how to calculate it.
  RATIO Ratio is comparison of two or more quantities of the same kind using division. It shown as a: b. The first term a is called antecedent and term b is called consequent. IMPORTANT FACTS ABOUT RATIO:
  • In a ratio, the order of more...
    • Catgeory: 7th Class

    Number System

      Learning Objectives:
    • To understand integers, decimal, rational number and their representation on number line.
    • To learn, addition, subtraction, multiplication and division of integers, decimal number and rational numbers.
    • To learn how to compare decimal numbers and rational numbers.
    • To learn how to convert fraction to decimal and decimal to fraction.
      INTEGERS VARIOUS TYPES OF NUMBERS:
  • Natural numbers: All numbers from 1 to infinite \[\infty \] are known as natural numbers. Thus, \[1,\text{ }2,\text{ }3....\infty \] are natural numbers.
  • Whole numbers: All natural numbers including zero is known as whole numbers i.e., \[0,\text{}1,\text{ }2,\text{ }3....\infty \] are whole numbers 0 + natural numbers = whole numbers
    • Note: All natural numbers are whole number but zero is the only whole number which is more...
    Catgeory: 7th Class

    ALGEBRA

    Learning Objectives:
    • To understand simple equation and how to solve equations.
    • To understand how to form an equation from the given statement and vice-versa.
    • To understand algebraic expression and its types.
    • To learn how to add, subtract and multiply two or more algebraic expressions.
    • To understand the terms exponent and base and laws of exponents.
    • To learn how to apply various algebraic identities.
      SIMPLE EQUATION EQUATION: A statement of inequality which contain one or more unknown quantities or variables is known as equation. Example: \[x+4=11\]   ROOT OF THE EQUATION OR SOLUTION: A number which satisfies an equation is called the solution or root of the equation. Example: In \[5+x=7,\]\[2\] is the solution more...
    Catgeory: 7th Class

    GEOMETRY

    Learning Objectives:
    • To know about angles like complementary, supplementary adjacent, alternate, etc.
    • To understand how different types of angles formed when a transversal passes through two parallel lines.
    • To know about the types of triangle and their properties.
    • To understand and learn how to apply Pythagoras theorem.
    • To learn different congruence condition like ASA, SSS, SAS, RHS for two triangles.
    • To learn how to construct angle, parallel lines, and triangles for given measurement.
    • To understand the term symmetry, line of symmetry and rotational symmetry.
    • To know about different parameters of solid shapes.
      LINES AND ANGLES Angle: An angle is an indication between two rays with the same initial point. Initial point is known as vertex and the two rays are the arms. An angle is represented by the symbol\[\angle \].    OA & OB are arms O is more...
    Catgeory: 7th Class

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