10th Class

    A.    Correct the following sentences: 1.  They had hardly gone a few steps that they saw a lion. 2.  The thief was able to easily make his escape. 3.  I did nothing but to gossip and to waste time. 4.  He impressed me by his good behaviour. 5.  The magistrate and collector were present there.   B.    Fill in the blanks with suitable form of verbs given in brackets: 6.  He was tired and ...........asleep immediately. (fall, fell) 7.  We shall go out as soon as you ....... ready. (are, were) 8.  She said she would go on knitting as long as she ......... on the chair. (has been sitting, was sitting) 9.  He died after he .......... ill a long time. (has been, had been) 10.  He ...... in the last war. (has been killed, was killed)   more...

         Conditionals   Introduction: There are several structures in English which are called conditionals. 'Condition' means 'situation or circumstance'. If a particular condition is true, then a particular result happens. There are three basic conditionals that we use very often. There are some more conditionals that we do not use so often. The conditionals are used to talk about real or unreal situations. They are also sometimes called if-clauses. Real Conditional describes real-life situations. Unreal Conditional describes unreal or imaginary situations.       If a certain condition is true, then a particular result happens. There are four basic conditionals that we use in English. (i) Zero Conditional (ii) First Conditional (iii) Second Conditional (iv) Third Conditional                 Zero Conditional: Certainty   The Zero Conditional is used for things more...

         Determiners   Introduction: Determiners are words like my, this, his and any, etc. They are grammatically similar. They modify nouns and precede them. They all come at the beginning of noun phrases, and usually we cannot use more than one determiner in the same noun phrase.     Kinds of Determiners                 Articles The words o, an, and are generally called articles and sometimes classed as a separate part of speech. In function, however, they can be grouped with the demonstrative adjectives that are used to point things out rather than describe them.              Definite Article The is called the definite article because it points out a particular object or class.       This is the more...

        Voice   Introduction: Voice is the form of the verb which shows whether the subject acts or is acted upon.         (i)   Sheila writes an email. (From this example, we understand that the Subject in the sentence is 'Sheila' who is doing some work.) (ii)  An email is written by Sheila. (Again, from this sentence, we understand that some work is going on with the Subject 'An email'.)                    Kinds of Voice There are two voices: (i) Active Voice (ii) Passive Voice                 Active Voice When the Subject of the sentence is the doer or actor, the Verb is Active and said to be in Active Voice.       (i) He runs. more...

         Preposition   Introduction: A Preposition is a word placed before a noun or a noun-equivalent to show its relation to some other word in the sentence.       (i)   Put it on the table. (ii)  She came to me. Let us take two more examples.       (i)   There is a basket under the chair. (ii) There is a bucket in the corner of the room. In example (i), 'under' is a Preposition, which is before the Definite Noun 'chair' and helps in establishing relationship between 'basket' and 'chair'. Similarly, in example (ii), 'of' is a Preposition which is placed before the Definite Noun 'room' and helps in establishing relationship between 'bucket' and 'room'. Generally, a Preposition is used before a Noun or Pronoun. But, sometimes, a Preposition is not used before a Noun or Pronoun.     more...

         Direct & Indirect Narrations   Introduction: Narration means something that is narrated, an account of, detailing an event, etc. The word 'narration' is taken from the word 'narrate', which means 'to give an account or tell something'.   There are two types of narration: (i)  Direct (ii) Indirect                 Direct Narration States the statement of person, exactly the same, spoken by him or her. This statement is put within inverted commas (" ").       Sita said, "I have seen Hanuman." The sentence contains the statement as said by Sita - "I have seen Hanuman", which in Direct Narration.                 Indirect Narration States the statement of a person, which we analyse or interpret in more...

         Conjunctions   Introduction: A Conjunction is a word which joins together sentences and Sometimes words. Conjunctions are of two kinds: (i) Coordinating (ii) Subordinating A Conjunction is a part of speech that connects two words, phrases or clauses together.       (i)   A honest and intelligent boy. (ii)  A new pair of shoes as well as an old pair of shoes. (iii) Radha sings but Meera dances. In example (i), 'and' joins the two words ('honest' and 'intelligent'); in example (ii) 'as well as' joins two group of words ('new pair of shoes' and 'old pair of shoes'); and in example (iii), 'but' joins two  sentences ('Radha sings' and 'Meera dances'). A same word may be an Adverb, a Preposition or a Conjunction.       (i)   I saw her before. more...

         Participles   Participles are forms of Verbs which partake of the nature of both an Adjective and a Verb.       (i)   The boy is running in the field. (Verb) (ii)  The running boy is my cousin. (Adjective Noun)                 Types of Participles There are two types of Participles - (i) Present Participle and (ii) Past Participle or Perfect Participles. Present Participles express an action going on, and not completed, and are formed by adding 'ing' to the Verb.       Running, swimming, walking, singing, laughing, etc. Past Participles express an action complete, and are formed by adding - ed, d, t, en, ne, or n to the Verb.   (i) By adding 'ed' -     more...

         Infinitives   The Infinitive is formed by adding 'to', expressed or understood, before the verb. Infinitive is a form of 'non-finite verb' which is used with 'to' or without 'to'.       He came to play. (Infinitive with 'to') Learn to read. (Infinitive with 'to')                 Uses of Infinitive   1.    Infinitive is used for the following purpose:   (A) As a Subject.       To walk in the morning is a good exercise. (Subject)   (B) As an Object.       Everybody likes to enjoy. (Object)   (C) As a complement of the Verb.       She is to leave. (Complement)   (D) To tell more...

         Verb   Introduction: A Verb is a word which affirms or predicts something of some person or thing, or a part of speech expressing being, action or the suffering of action. Verbs are divided into two main classes (i) Principal (ii) Auxiliary (i) When a verb is used independently, it is called a Principal Verb.         Call, go, work, etc. (ii) When a verb is used only to help some other verb to form voices, moods and tenses, it is called an Auxiliary Verb. [Auxiliary means helping. The only verbs that can be so used are - can, be, have, shall, will, may, do.                 Principal Verbs (or Main Verbs)   Principal Verbs are divided into two classes: Transitive Verbs and Intransitive Verbs. more...