Thousands | Hundreds | Tens | Ones | |
7 | 8 | 8 | 9 | Minuend |
-1 | 2 | 5 | 4 | Subtrahend |
6 | 6 | 3 | 5 | Difference |
Thousands | Hundreds | Tens | more...
Addition
Under the operation of addition two or more than two numbers are added with each other.
Addends: The numbers that are added together are called addends.
Sum: The result we get after addition is called sum.
Add 2134 and 3425
Solution:
Introduction
In the previous chapter, we have studied about numbers, way of numeration and some properties of numbers. In this chapter we will study about operation on numbers. Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division are four basic arithmetic operations. Let us know about them.
Rules for Using Symbols
Rule 1: When a symbol is repeated, its value is multiplied as many times as the symbol repeated.
II = 1 x 2 = 2,
III = 1 x 3 = 3,
XX = 10 x 2 = 20,
XXX = 10 x 3 = 30.
Note: A symbol cannot be repeated more than 3 times.
50 cannot be written as XXXXX.
Rule 2: The symbols whose value are power of 10 can be repeated. In other word the symbols, I, X, C, M can be repeated.
XXX = 30 , MM = 2000
Rule 3: The symbols whose value are either 5 or product of 5 and a power of 10 cannot be repeated. In other words V, L, and D cannot be repeated.
It is wrong to write LL for 100.
Rule 4: If a symbol of smaller value is right to the symbol of greater value, their values are added.
VI = 5 + 1 = 6, XV = 15, LX = 50 + 10 = 60.
Rule 5: If a symbol of smaller value is left to the symbol of greater value, their difference is the resulting value.
IV = 5 - 1 = 4, IX = 10 - 1 = 9.
Rule 6: The symbols whose value are either 5 or product of 5 and a power of 10 never subtracted. In other word V, L, and D are never written left to the symbol of greater value.
V cannot be written immediately left to X, L, C, D, and M; L can be written immediately left to the C, D, and M; D cannot be written left to the M.
Rule 7: If a symbol of smaller value comes between two symbols of larger value, its value is subtracted from the value of the symbol which is right to it.
XIX = 10+(10 - 1) = 19, L1V = 50 + (5 - 1).
Rule 8: A symbol of smaller value cannot be repeated two or more than two times left to a symbol of larger value.
30 cannot be written as XXL, similarly 8 cannot be written as IIX.
Rule 9: When a bar (horizontal line) is placed over a Roman symbol, the value of the symbol is increased by 1000 times.
\[\overline{\mathbf{I}}=\mathbf{1000},\text{ }\overline{\mathbf{v}}=\mathbf{5000}.\]
more...
Introduction
In this chapter, we will describe a primitive system of numeration i.e. Roman system of numeration or Roman Numerals". Romans had its own method to represent the numbers. Let us understand the way of Roman Numeration.
System of Numeration
Mathematical notation of numbers is called numeration. We are aware of the symbols which are used to write any numbers. In this chapter we will study about the following two system of numeration:
(a) Indian system of numeration
(b) International system of numeration
Indian System of Numeration
Indian system of numeration is also called Hindu-Arabic number system. It is a positional decimal number system. Look at the following place value chart:
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