Current Affairs 5th Class

  Place Value     Place value of a digit in a number is the position it occupies according to the place value chart.     Find place value of each of the digit given in number 86495. Place value of \[8\,\text{=}\,8\,\,\times \,\,\text{Ten}\,\text{thousand}\,\text{=}\,\text{8}\,\,\text{ }\!\!\times\!\!\text{ }\,\,\text{10000}\,\,\text{=}\,\text{80000}\] Place value of  \[6\,\text{=}\,6\,\,\times \,\,\,\text{Thousand}\,\text{=}\,6\,\,\text{ }\!\!\times\!\!\text{ }\,\,\text{1000}\,\,\text{=}\,6\text{000}\] Place value of  \[4\,\text{=}\,4\,\times hundred\,\text{=}\,4\,\text{ }\!\!\times\!\!\text{ }\,\,\text{100}\,\,\text{=}\,4\text{00}\] Place value of  \[9\,\text{=}\,9\,\times ten\,\text{=}\,9\,\text{ }\!\!\times\!\!\text{ }\,\,\text{10}\,\,\text{=}\,90\] Place value of \[5\,\text{=}\,5\,\times one\,\text{=}\,5\,\text{ }\!\!\times\!\!\text{ }\,\,\text{1}\,\,\text{=}\,\text{5}\]

   Face Value     Face value of a number is the number itself.   In the number 874. Face value of 8 is 8 itself. Face value of 7 is 7 itself. Face value of 4 is 4 itself.   Successor      Successor of a number comes just after the number. In other words when we add a number by 1, the resulting number is the successor of that number. Like P is a whole number, then P + 1 is successor of P.     Find the successor of 523604   Solution: 523604+1=523605 Thus 523605 is the successor of 523604   Predecessor  Predecessor of a number comes just before the number. In other words when we reduce a number by 1, the resulting number is the predecessor of that number. For example, P is a whole number then P - 1 is the predecessor of P.     Find the predecessor of 986546   Solution: 986546 - 1= 986545 Thus 986545 is the predecessor of 986546.    

• 0 was invented by Aryabhata.
• Number system is based on the place value system. If places of the digits in a number are changed, the number will change.
• Predecessor of the smallest natural number is the smallest whole number.
• Successor of the smallest whole number is the smallest natural number.
• First digit of every numeral is always at unit place but first digit from left has net a fixed place.

     

• Numbers are mathematical objects by which we express date, time, distance, position, quantity, etc.
• Number system is a set of numbers where numbers are related with each ether by one or more algebraic operations.
• Lakhs, creres, arabs, etc. are the periods which are used in the Indian system of numeration.
• Millions, billions, trillions, etc. are the periods which are used in international system of numeration.
• Successor of a number is greater than the number by
• Predecessor of a number is smaller than the number by 1.

      Which one of the following numbers is a whole number as well as a natural number? (a) 3                                                       (b) 8 (c) 100                                                   (d) All of these (e) None of these   Answer (d) Explanation All the whole numbers are also natural numbers except 0.     Which one of the following is not true?                                    (a) Greatest natural number cannot be found (b) Smallest natural number is 1 (c) 35 is not an integer (d) 0 is the smallest whole number (d) None of these   Answer: (c) more...

     Number System   Number system is a pattern or set of numbers in which one number is related to other number by one or more algebraic operations. There are various number system. In this chapter we will study about the following three types of number systems:   (a) Natural number (b) Whole number (c) Integers     Natural Number Counting starts with 1 and continue till infinite. Counting numbers are called natural numbers. For example: 1,2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7................ etc. Note: Natural number starts from 1 and goes to infinity. Therefore, smallest natural number is 1 but largest natural number cannot be found.     Whole Number When 0 is included with natural numbers, it is called whole numbers zero are called whole numbers. 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ......etc. In other words "Natural numbers together with zero are called whole numbers." Note: Whole numbers starts with 0 and goes to infinity. Therefore smallest natural numbers is 0 but largest whole numbers cannot be found.     Integers To make the natural numbers more informative and efficient so that more complicated problems can be solved, a new number system was invented in which natural numbers are written with symbols "-(minus)". This type of number is known as negative numbers. Integers are the collection of whole numbers and negative numbers. ............ -5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, + 7 ................ etc. Note: Integers goes to infinity in either direction. Therefore, neither smallest integer or greatest integer can be found.

   Numbers     Numbers are mathematical objects by which we express date, time, distance, position, quantity, etc. for example,                                           I reached in the party at 10 o clock - time                                  My birthday is on 6th march  date.                                       Distance between the earth and the sun is 15 crore km - distance 3rd planet from the sun is the earth - position.                             There are 45 tones corn in this godown - quantity.                          We use ten symbols (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9) to write any number. Like 654544544, 34541540044, 35445154154454, etc.

  Introduction       Numbers can be called as the base of mathematics as mathematics starts with numbers. Therefore, understanding of numbers is essential in order to study mathematics. In this chapter we will study about the numbers, number systems and their properties.  

       Introduction   Definition: Story writing is an art. Some are born with this gifted art. However, anyone can develop this art by gradual practice. For story writing, one has to learn the use of correct and lucid language, develop the art of narrating events or happening in a regular and systematic sequence. For writing a story, the following salient points should always be kept in mind. These are called the constituents of a story writing. 1.       Plot 2.       Narration of events systematically 3.       Use of simple idiomatic language. 4.       Don't change the main part of the story. Try to reproduce it as it is or as it was, as far as possible. 5.       The order of events may change 6.       Always read the story very carefully and make small points of it and take out the major points of interest/ fun, moral or any other special aspect. 7.       Give a suitable heading to a story. Heading of a story should be as small as possible. 8.       Take out the moral of the story and make it its conclusion as to what it is leading to. 9.       Learn to make the stories from given outlines.                 The Vain Stag                Outline A vain stag was thirsty _______ reached a pool _______ saw his own reflection _________ glad to see his horns _______ hated his thin and ugly legs______ hounds ran after him _______ stag ran for life _______ his leg carried him out of danger but his horns got stuck in bushes ________ provided to be the cause of his death.           There was a stag in a jungle. He was very vain and proud. One day he felt thirsty. He reached a pool of water. There he saw his own reflection. He was happy to see his horns. But he did not like his thin and ugly legs. Once a hunter came there. He set his hounds after the stage. The stag ran fast for life. His legs carried him to a place of safety. Just then his horns got stuck in a bush. The hounds came there. They attacked the stage. They killed him then and there. Thus his horns became the cause of his death. MORAL: All that glitters is not gold.                 The Tailor and the Elephant                Outline   An elephant ______ always passed by a tailor's shop ________ tailor angry. One day _______pricked with a needle _________ elephant filled his trunk with dirty water_______ threw it all around in the shop _____ spoiled the clothes.           Once there was a king who had an elephant. The trainer took it to a river for more...

        Practice Exercise   Person / my / is a / grandfather/ very busy.   Answer: My grandfather is a very busy person.     God / to / we / daily / pray.   Answer: We pray to God daily.     hear / the / cannot / old man / clearly .   Answer: The old man cannot hear clearly.     By car / office / to / goes / Richard / his   Answer: Richard goes to his office by car.       Is the / milk / food / complete. (A) Food is the milk complete                     (B) Complete milk is the food (C) Milk is complete food                             (D) Milk is the complete food (E) Complete food is the milk   Answer: (D) Explanation: The correct answer is 'Milk is the complete food.'     The lion / known as / king / is / the jungle / of the. (A) The jungle is known as the king of the lion (B) The lion is known as king the jungle (C) The lion is king of the jungle (D) The lion is known as the king of the jungle (E) The jungle is the king of lion   Answer: (D) Explanation: The correct answer is the 'lion is known as the king of the jungle.'

       Introduction   Jumbled sentences are one sort of language proficiency test question. In this type of test, words of a sentence or few parts of a sentence are mixed up (jumbled) .You are to rearrange those parts to make the sentence meaningful. For example: In evening / do television the/ your parents watch? Answer: Do your parents watch television in the evening. In first sentence, the words are mixed up (jumbled). Hence we cannot deduce any Clear meaning of the sentence. But when we have rearranged the mixed up words, the sentence is giving a clear meaning.            Jumbled Sentence   Given below is a story, but the sentences are Jumbled. You have to rewrite the sentences in correct order.

•   Had they really been there?
•   Two spacemen climbed out of the rocket.
•   The rocket circled the moon.
•   After this they climbed back into the spacecraft.
•   The spacemen got ready to descend.
•   As the rocket raced towards earth they looked at the moon.
•   Gently they brought the spacecraft to the moon's surface.
•   They strapped themselves carefully to their seats.
•   They walked on the moon collecting rocks.
•   The rocket took off with a loud blast.

  Answer: The rocket circled the moon. The spacemen got ready to descend. Gently they brought the spacecraft to the moon's surface. Two spacemen climbed out of the rocket. They walked on the moon collecting rocks. After this they climbed back into the space craft. They strapped themselves carefully to their seats. The rocket took off with a loud blast. As the rocket raced towards earth they looked at the moon. Had they really been there?               Rearrange the words and make a meaningful sentence   1.       Said / the child/ that / leave /the mother / alone / could not / she.   Answer: The mother said that she could not leave the child alone.   2.       After / they / had / the theatre / begun / reached / show / the.   Answer: They reached the theatre after the show had begun.   3.       Pond / jumped / the dog / into the   Answer: The dog jumped into the pond.   4.       The bag / against / threw / the wall / He.   Answer: He threw the bag against the wall.                 Rearrange the words and make a meaningful sentence   5.       Shakespeare / greater/ all the / poets / than / is / other.   Answer: Shakespeare is greater than all the other poets.   6.       Bridge / over / is a / there / the stream.   Answer: There is a bridge over the stream.   7.       Pay / you / on time / dues / must / the. more...

       Introduction   The term essay may be defined as a literary composition on any subject or topic. It means an attempt to write on a subject and express thoughts in simple and correct language in a proper order. An essay must interest the readers and must have unity and coherence. This implies relevance, proportion and arrangement. It should be concisely written and the style should be lucid, direct and clear. It should possess personal touch of the writer.  

         Instructions for Writing an Essay   1.       In a good essay the thoughts should be simple and plain expanded into a paragraph each. The subject- matter should also be the best. 2.       Before beginning the easy, idea should be arranged in an outline of main points. (i.e. from a brief introduction to an effective conclusion) in a natural, logical and convincing order. 3.       As regards the language, the simplest words and phrases should be used. Difficult and high sounding words, uncommon phrases and idioms and complicated constructions do not necessarily make the language. Ambiguous words or expression should be avoided. 4.       Each paragraph of the essay should deal with one idea and should consist of substances which are closely related to one another. 5.       One should write in a simple concise, clear, direct and natural style.           A Morning Walk Exercise is very good for health. The light estexercise is walk. A walk in the morning is very useful. I like going for a morning walk every day. It refreshes my mind. It keeps me medically fit. Every day I get up at five a.m. and go for a walk with my friend. We go up to the canal's bank. It is about two kilometers from my village. At that time the nature is at its best. The air is cool and clear. There is silence everywhere. The atmosphere is full of the sweet scent of flowers. Birds chirp happily in their nests. The dew drops on the green grass shine like pearls. In this way they welcome the sunrise. There is no rush or traffic. There is a park along the canal. It is a big park. We take some exercise and yoga in the park. Slowly the sun rises, the rays of the rising sun look golden. They spread all over the earth. We come back to our home after sunrise. All these things make a morning walk very enjoyable.     An Indian Festival 'Deepawali' 'Diwali' or 'Deepawali' means a row of lamps. It is the name of an Indian festival. It is the festival of light, mainly celebrated by Hindus, with great pomp and show. Diwali comes off in the month of October or November every year. It is celebrated in honour of Lord Ram's return to Ayodhya. He came back to Ayodhya after spending fourteen years in exile. It is celebrated all over India. It is celebrated in some other countries too. Great preparations are made for the festival. Houses, shops and other buildings are cleaned. Most of them are whitewashed or painted again. People buy new clothes, toys, sweets, fireworks, pictures, gifts and greetings cards. A large number of people send gifts, sweets and greeting cards to their friends and relatives. On the evening of the festival, houses and other buildings are decorated with rows of lighted lamps, and fireworks are set of more...