Current Affairs 5th Class

           Practice Exercise   Fill in the blanks with appropriate preposition:       The lady writes _______ a pen.   Answer: with         The leaf fell ____________ the pond.   Answer: into         A cat jumped _______ the lamp.   Answer: over         The dog is running _______ the cat.   Answer: Behind           Fill in the blanks with suitable Prepositions           We are very grateful _________ you. (A) With                                                               (B) On (C) To                                                                    (D) Under (E) With   Answer: (C) Explanation: We are very grateful to you.         She agreed ___________ my proposal. (A) To                                                                    (B) With (C) On                                                                   (D) Of (E) Under   Answer: (A) Explanation: She agreed to my proposal.        

•  A Preposition is a word which comes before a noun or a pronoun and shows its relation to other words in the sentence.

Preposition of: 1.  Time                     (A)    I got up at 9 o'clock. (B)    She has been reading for two hours. (C)    She has been walking since two p.m. 2.  Manner                (A)   He earns money by Boxing                                 (B)    She played with care.                                 (C)    He walks on his legs. 3.  Place                   (A)   An Accident took place near Temple.                                 (B)    A car ran over a dog.                                (C)    Stars shine in the sky. 4.  Direction             (A)    The rat ran towards the hole.                                 (B)   She went around the Church.                                 (C)   A saint came from the east.                

        Use of Preposition                  Nouns Followed by Prepositions   Read the following sentences carefully and note the use of prepositions:

•  She has much affection for her baby.
•  He has no faith in God.
•  Sourav has no complaint against Samir.  
•  This man is the cause of the whole trouble.
•  He is not interested in music.
•  The teacher has no control over her students.
•  The manger made an enquiry into the matter.
•  He took offence at my remarks.
•  He fell a victim to evil temptations.
•  She has no pity for the poor.
•  He received an invitation for dinner.
•  She is always in need of money.
•  He is a disgrace to her parents.
•  It is an exception to the rule.
•  You have no hope of success.
•  She has a great zeal for social work.
•  He has passion for gambling.
•  Have you any objection to my proposal?
•  He has a high regard for his teacher. In the sentences given above, the words in, at, on, into, to, for, etc. are prepositions.  

               Adjectives and Participles followed by Prepositions   Read the following sentences carefully and note the use of prepositions

•  We are not answerable to him for this.
•  He is afraid of wild animals.
•  'She is not worried about her health.
•  They were amazed at his rudeness
•  He is blind o/one eye.
•  This book is full of interesting stories.
•  She is very jealous of me.
•  He is short of money at present.
•  She is unfit for hard work.
•  I have a bicycle similar to his.
•  They are fond of reading novels.
•  She is gifted with a sweet voice.
•  We should be kind to the poor.
•  Paris is famous for the Eiffel Tower.
•  She is ignorant of real facts.
•  Be respectful to your elders.
•  The Bible is sacred to the Christians.
•  Smoking is injurious to health.
•  You should be ashamed of your conduct.
•  Jawaharlal Nehru was born of rich parents.
•  She is dependent on her parents.
•  Rising early is beneficial to health.
•  He has lost his all senses of shame.
•  She is quick in mathematics.  

               Verbs followed by Prepositions    Read the following sentences carefully and note the use of prepositions

•  I agree with you in this matter.
•  Have you heard of Osama Bin Laden?
•  She died o/malaria.
•  I apologized to him for my mistake.
•  He was accused of theft.
•  This house belongs to me.
•  Please listen to me.
•  She insists on buying a car.
•  I warned him of danger.
•  I must rely on what you say.
•  Do not laugh at others.
•  We should prefer milk to tea.
•  Trust in God and do the right.
•  He waited for the postman.
•  This apple tastes of a mango.
•  He depends on you for the protection.
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         Introduction   Definition: A preposition is a word which comes before a noun or a pronoun and shows its relation to other words in the sentence. For example: Look at the sky. Here the word 'at' is relating two words 'look' and 'sky' (noun). Hence, at is a preposition. Here we will learn about the use of prepositions.  

     Different Types of Networks         Local Area Network (LAN) A local area network is a network that covers a relatively small space and provides services to a small number of people, such as office, school, small group of building, etc. Typically, connected computers/devices share the resources of a single processor or server within a small geographic area. Usually, the server has application and data storage that are shared by multiple computer users. A local area network may serve as few as two or three users or as many as thousands of users.       In LAN, two method of networking may be used: (A) Peer-to-peer (B) Client server method A peer-to-peer network is where each client shares their resources with other workstations in the network. Examples of peer-to-peer networks are: Small organization networks where resource use is minimal and a home network. A client-server network is where every client is connected to the server and each other. Client-server networks use servers in different capacities.        These can be classified into two types: 1. Single-service servers 2.   Print server The server performs many tasks, one such task is file server, while other servers can not only perform in the capacity of file servers and print servers but also can conduct calculations and use them to provide information to clients (Web/lntranet Server). Computers may be connected in many different ways, including Ethernet cables. Wireless networks or other types of wires such as power lines or phone lines. (See Figure 5.7.2)             Wide Area Network (WAN) A wide area network is a computer network that covers broad area i.e. large geographical area. In this network wide variety of resources are deployed across a large domestic area or internationally. An example of this is a multinational business that uses a WAN to interconnect their offices in different countries. The largest and best example of a WAN is the Internet, which is a network composed of many smaller networks. The Internet is considered the largest network in the world. The PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) also is an extremely large network that is converging to use Internet technologies, although not necessarily through the public Internet. A Wide Area Network involves communication through the use of a wide range of different technologies. These technologies include Point-to-point WANs such as Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) and High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC), Frame Relay, ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) etc. The difference between the WAN technologies is based on the switching capabilities they perform and the speed at which sending and receiving bits of information (data) occur. A WAN often contains multiple local area networks and metropolitan area network. (See Figure 5.7.2)           more...

      What is a Networking?       Do you know every person has its own network? Network means what, connecting with each other.  You connect with your parent, friends and many relatives, which form a network around you. As we all form network around us, computers also form this type of networks. Now we are going to read about computers network. A number of computers and peripherals devices are interconnected in such a way that they can share resources and information. This is known as network. Computer networking is the engineering discipline. Networking mainly concerned with the communication between computer systems. A computer network is any set of computers connected to each other with the ability to exchange information. Computer networking can be considered as a sub-discipline of computer science, information technology and computer engineering. There are three types of networks. They are: the internet, the intranet and the extranet. Internet is often referred to as 'network of networks'. (See Figure. 5.7.1)           There are different types of networking methods available today but in this chapter you will read only two of them i.e. LAN and WAN.                 A number of interconnected computers and peripherals devices sharing resources and information is known as a _____. (A) System                                                          (B) Web (C) Structure                                                      (D) Network (E) None of these     Answer: (d) Explanation Correct Option: (D) Network: A number of interconnected computers and peripherals devices sharing resources and information is known as network. Incorrect Options: (A) System: This option is incorrect (B) Web: This option is incorrect (C) Structure: This option is incorrect (E) None of these: This is an invalid option         Which one of the following is known as 'network of networks'? (A) Extranet                                                       (B) Internet (C) Intranet                                        (D) Usernet (E) None of these     Answer: (B) Explanation Correct Option: (B) Internet: Internet is often referred to as 'network of networks'. Incorrect Options: (A) Extranet: This option is incorrect (C) lntranet : This option is incorrect (D) Usernet: This option is incorrect (E) None of these: This is an invalid option  

        Practice Exercise   Fill in the blanks using correct helping verbs given in brackets.       Sonia __________ eating food. (am, is)   Answer: is         They ___________ running. (is/are)     Answer: Are         We ___________ playing. (is / are)   Answer: Are         He _________ not take it. (will /shall)   Answer: will             Choose the Past Tense form \[({{V}^{2}})\] of Arise (A) Arise                                                              (B) Arose (C) Arisen                                                            (D) Arising (E) Arises     Answer: (B) Explanation: Past Tense form \[({{V}^{2}})\] of Arise is Arose.         Choose the Past Participle form \[({{V}^{3}})\] of Arrive (A) Arises                                            (B) Arrived (C) Arising                                          (D) Arisen (E) Arise   Answer: (B) Explanation: Past Participle form \[({{V}^{3}})\] of Arrive is Arrived.        

•  A verb is a word which shows an action, state of being or possession of a Noun or pronoun.
•  The word which says something about a noun or pronoun is called a verb. (All saying words are verbs)
•  Helping Verbs: The verb which helps the main verb in changing its form is called Helping Verbs.
•  Present Tense form                                                                : \[({{V}^{1}})\] -                       Go             Come             Eat
•  Past Tense form                                                                      : \[({{V}^{2}})\] -                      Went         Came             Ate
•  Past Participle form                                                                : \[({{V}^{3}})\] -                      Gone         Come             Eaten
•  Ing form                                                                                    : \[({{V}^{4}})\] -                      Going        Coming          Eating
•  Present Tense Third Person Singular form                         : \[({{V}^{5}})\] -                      Goes         Comes           Eats
•  Transitive Verb: The verb which requires an object to complete its sense is called Transitive Verb.
•  Intransitive Verb: The verb which does not require an object to complete its sense, more...

    E-Mail (Electronic Mail)     We communicate with each other by speaking, using telephones, writing letter, etc. We can also communicate through computers using the E-mail or Electronic mail on the Internet. This is called Electronic communication. Email is fast and saves time and money and helps us to send text, photographs, sounds, pictures, etc. to other people across the world who also have e-mail addresses.       To use the e-mail facility you need:

• A computer
• An Internet connection
• An e-mail account
• The e-mail account of the receiver of your message

Just as you need to have the postal address of the person to send him/her a letter, an 'e-mail account' is the personal address of the person where messages can be sent through the computer. Every person has a different e-mail account or e-mail ID. An e-mail has two main sections: the username and the domain name. The username is usually the name or nickname of the person using e-mail. The username is followed by @ symbol, which means 'at the rate of. The domain name refers to an organization or some other entity on the Internet.        For example: The e-mail ID rajesh@yahoo.com indicates that rajesh is the user's name and yahoo is the domain name (i.e., this account has been created with the e-mail service Yahoo! Mail) Getting an email account is very simple and usually free of cost. The best email services are - Yahoo! Mail, Microsoft's Hotmail or Gmail (owned by Google). You can access their Websites through a Web browser and all you need to do is complete an online form which is similar to filling a form on paper. When you fill the form, you have to choose a Username and a Password which is very important. After filling the correct information, a message will appear that your e-mail account has been created. (See the figure 5.6.14)             Working of the e-mail

• The Website where the e-mail id has been created is opened. E.g. Yahoo mail or Hotmail.
• The e-mail id and password is entered.
• The 'Compose' or 'Email message' option is selected.
• A message is written, the recipient's e-mail account is written in the 'To' box and the Send button is pressed.
• The message is sent to the sender's Internet Service Provider's mail server.
• The mail server examines the address and decides how to route the message.
• The message travels over the Internet, arriving at the mail server of the recipient's Internet Service Provider, where it is held in an electronic mailbox.
• To read the e-mail, the recipient logs onto the mail server and retrieves any new messages waiting on the server.
• The message (along with any other new messages) arrives at the recipient's computer which more...