Current Affairs 5th Class

         Kinds of verb   There are three kinds of verb.                  Transitive Verb The verb which requires an object to complete its sense is called Transitive verb.    

•  He arrived little early.
•  Raman provokes me to do the mischief.
•  The hunter kills the animals brutally.
•  English has taken the center stage.

In the sentences given above, verbs 'arrived', 'provokes', 'kills' and 'has taken' can't make complete sense themselves. They need the object to make sense. Therefore, they are called transitive verbs.                  Intransitive Verb The verb that does not require an object to complete its sense, but makes complete sense by itself is called an Intransitive Verb.    

•  The bell rings.
•  The flowers blossom.
•  The fire burns.
•  The earth moves.

In the sentences given above, the verbs 'rings', 'blossom', 'burns' and 'move' do not need object to complete their sense. They make good sense by themselves. So these verbs are Intransitive Verbs.                  Auxiliary Verb The verb which helps the main verb to change its form or which does the work of main verb is called the Auxiliary or Helping Verb.

•  The gardener is watering the plants.
•  The boy has broken the glass.
•  I am in a hurry.
•  These people are laborious.

In first and second sentences, the words 'is' and 'has' are helping the verb 'water' and 'break' to change their forms. In sentences three and four, the words 'am' and 'are' themselves are doing the work of verb. These words are also a kind of verbs. They are Auxiliary or Helping Verbs. There are three kinds of main verb, i.e. helping verbs, regular verbs, and irregular verbs.  

          Introduction   Definition: A verb is a word which shows an action, state of being or possession of a noun or pronoun. Or The word which says something about a noun or pronoun is called a Verb. (All saying words are verbs)      

•  Mahesh Bhupati plays Tennis.
•  The man killed a mouse.
•  It is an arduous task.
•  They are very courageous.
•  The decision has been taken by me.

In the sentences given above the words 'play', 'killed', 'is', 'are' and 'has' are verbs.   Generally verbs are divided into two parts. They are the following: Helping verbs: Is, are, am, was, were, has, had, will, shall, etc. Main verbs: Go, read, write, learn, sing, walk, talk, etc. Here we will discuss other kinds of verb as well.  

        Kinds of Pronoun   There are eight kinds of Pronouns. They are the following: 1.  Personal Pronoun 2.  Demonstrative Pronoun 3.  Interrogative Pronoun 4.  Reflexive Pronoun                                                   5.  Possessive Pronoun 6.  Distributive Pronoun 7.  Indefinite Pronoun 8.  Emphatic or Emphasizing Pronoun               Personal Pronoun   The pronoun that is used for a person or a thing is called a personal pronoun. Personal pronouns are used for both subjects and objects.

•  I was not involved in merry making.
•  We would have reached there on time.
•  You should help the poor.
•  He / She completed the task.
•  They are very arrogant.
•  It is really a very tedious task.  

In the sentences given above, the words, i we, you, he, she, they, and it are personal pronouns.               Demonstrative Pronoun       The pronoun which is used to indicate an object for which it is used, is called Demonstrative Pronoun.

•  This is a sensational story.
•  That was an obsolete trend.
•  These people are showing extreme emotions.
•  Those days were really very funny and exciting.  

In the sentences given above the words this, that, these and those are the words that indicate something. Therefore, these are Demonstrative Pronouns.               Interrogative Pronoun The pronoun which is used to ask a question is called Interrogative Pronoun.      

•  Which option has the correct statement?
•  What percentage of Indians think that India will be a super power in coming years?
•  Why are you irritating me?
•  Whom do you praise?
•  Whose is this pencil?  

In the above given sentences who, what, whom and whose are used for asking questions. So these are Interrogative Pronoun.               Reflexive Pronoun The pronoun which is used as an object of the verb when the doer and the receiver of the action is same, is called Reflexive Pronoun.      

•  He went there himself.
•  You talk about yourself.
•  Children are swimming themselves.
•  The child enjoys itself.  

In the sentences given above himself, yourself, they and it are used as object of the verb in each sentence, where the subject and object are the same person or thing. In another way it can be said that in these sentences the doer and the receiver of the action is the same person or thing.   NOTE:

•  The noun to which the relative pronoun refers to is called 'Antecedents'.
•  In general who, whom and whose are used for persons.
•  Which and that are used for animals and things.
•  Relative Pronouns join two sentences.  

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      Introduction   Definition: Pronoun is a word which is used in the place of a noun. Pronouns are used to avoid the repetition of nouns in a sentence.      

•  Robin did not come because he was busy.
•  Poonam drank water because she was thirsty.
•  The book was cheap so he bought it.
•  The dogs were hungry so they wanted food.  

In the above given sentences, the words he, she, it and they have been used in places of Robin, Poonam, book and dogs (all Nouns). All these words are pronouns.

      Practice Exercise   Identify the kind of noun in the underline part of each sentence.         Rabindra Nath Tagore was a great poet.   Answer: Proper Noun: A proper noun is the name of a particular person. Rabindra Nath Tagore is a name of a particular person.         My father is going to market   Answer: Common Noun: A common noun is the name given to the class of person. So, father is common noun.         She is buying gold from the jwellers.   Answer: Material Noun : A material noun is the name of substance. Gold is the name of a substance.         I admired his honesty.   Answer: Honesty (Abstract Noun), An abstract noun is the name of some state, quality, feeling or idea that we can only think of or feel but cannot touch or See.         Identify the kind of noun the underline word represents in each sentence.       The colour of milk is white.   (A) Common noun                                          (B) Proper noun (C) Collective noun                                          (D) Material noun (E) None of these   Answer: (d) Explanation: Milk is a material noun. A material noun is the name of a substance which can be measured or weighed.         A swarm of bees. (A) Material Noun                           (B) Proper Noun (C) Common Noun                          (D) Collective Noun (E) None of these   Answer: (d) Explanation: Swarm (Collective Noun), A collective noun is the group or collection of things.        

•  Noun is the name of a person, place, animal, bird or thing.
•  A proper noun is the name of a particular person, place, thing or animal.
•  A common noun is the name given to the class of person, place, animal or thing.
•  A collective noun is the name of a group or collection of person things or animals.
•  A material noun is the name of a substance which can be measured or weighed.
•  An abstract noun is the name of some state, quality, feeling or idea that we can only think of, or feel, but cannot touch or See.
•  All common nouns and collective nouns are regarded as countable.
•  Proper nouns are also countable.
•  Abstract nouns and material nouns are normally uncountable.    

       Multimedia in Training   Multimedia presentations are a great way to introduce new concepts or explain a new technology. In companies, this reduces the design and training time. Individuals find it easy to understand and use multimedia. Corporate training has been the largest and oldest area for multimedia technology. It is especially suitable when processes, products and services involved are complex, frequently upgraded and modified. (See Figure 5.5.7)                  Training areas/or multimedia applications are:

• Management skills
• Industrial and shop floor training
• Information technology products
• Medical and health care
• Government services
• Military weapons system  

         Training areas for multimedia application are: (A) Industrial and shop floor training                       (B) Information technology products (C) Medical and health care                                       (D) Military weapons system (E) All of these     Answer: (e) Explanation Correct Option: (E) All of these: Multimedia is very versatile and can be used in almost every field. Incorrect Options: (A) Industrial and shop floor training: This option is only partially correct (B) Information technology products: This option is only partially correct (C) Medical and health care: This option is only partially correct (D) Military weapons system: This option is only partially correct            Multimedia presentations reduce the ______ in companies. (A) Testing time                                                (B) Analysis time (C) Design and training time                        (D) Risk evaluation time (E) None of these     Answer: (C) Correct Option (C) Design and training time: Multimedia presentations reduce the design and training time in companies. Incorrect Options: (A) Testing time: This option is in correct (B) Analysis time: This option is incorrect (D) Risk evaluation time: This option is incorrect (E) None of these: This option is invalid          

• Edutainment is an informal term used to describe combining education with entertainment, especially multimedia entertainment.  

       

• Desktop publishing: Using specialized software and high resolution printers to assemble, design, and produce commercial quality printed material.  

     

• Multimedia is media that uses multiple forms of information content and information processing like text, audio, graphics, animation, video and interactivity to inform or entertain the audience.
• Resource on Net: http://www.wikipedia.org  

     Multimedia in Research     Multimedia modeling of research processes is used in a variety of disciplines in science including medicine, biology, engineering/and surface examination. In mathematical and scientific Research, multimedia is mainly used for modeling and simulation. For example, a scientist can look at a molecular model of a particular substance and manipulate it to arrive at a new substance. Representative research can also be found in journals such as the Journal of Multimedia. (See Figure 5.5.6)                      In which of the following disciplines multimedia modeling of research processes is/are used? (A) Surface examination                               (B) Biology (C) Engineering                                                 (D) Medicine (E) All of these     Answer: (e) Explanation Correct Option: (E) Multimedia is used for research processes in surface examination, medicine, biology and engineering. Incorrect Options: (A) Surface examination: This option is only partially correct (B) Biology: This option is only partially correct (C) Engineering: This option is only partially correct (D) Medicine: This option is only partially correct          In mathematical and scientific research, multimedia is mainly used for_________. (A) Modeling and simulation                       (B) Compiling data and modeling (C) Simulation and integrating data          (D) Modeling and integrating data (E) None of these     Answer: (a) Explanation Correct Option: (A) Modeling and simulation: In mathematical and scientific research, multimedia is mainly used for modeling and simulation. Incorrect Options: (B) Compiling data and modeling: This option is incorrect (C) Simulation and integrating data: This option is incorrect (D) Modeling and integrating data: This option is incorrect (E) None of these: This option is invalid

    Multimedia in Advertising and Film Making   You must have seen lots of impossible things happening in TV commercials and wondered how people fly in the air or jump off from high buildings without getting hurt. In advertising, promoting products require an effective medium able to catch the interest of the targeted market. Multimedia plays a vital role in advertising, creating a huge influence in the market and gaining popularity. (See Figure 5.5.5)               When the animation and the graphic designs are used to sell products or services, it is known as multimedia advertising. There are various forms of multimedia advertising such as videos, online advertising and DVDs, CDs, etc. The companies can always increase their customers' base through multimedia advertising; therefore, multimedia advertising positively contributes in the marketing of the products and services.              When the animation and the graphic designs are used to sell products or services, it is known as _____________advertising. (A) Multimedia                                                 (B) Digital (C) Physical                                                         (D) Print (E) None of these     Answer : (A) Explanation Correct Option: (A) Multimedia: When the animation and the graphic designs are used to sell products or services, it is known as multimedia advertising. Incorrect Options: (B) Digital: This option is incorrect (C) Physical: This option is incorrect (D) Print: This option is incorrect (E) None of these: This option is invalid          Multimedia advertising can take the form of ________. (A) Videos                                                           (B) Online advertising (C) DVDs                                                              (D) CDs (E) All of these     Answer: (e) Explanation Correct Option: (E) All of these: There are various forms of multimedia advertising such as videos, online advertising and DVDs, CDs, etc. Incorrect Options: (A) Videos: This option is only partially correct (B) Online advertising: This option is only partially correct (C) DVDs: This option is only partially correct (D) CDs: This option is only partially correct

     Multimedia in Desktop Publishing     Computer technology has increased the potency and power of the print media, making it far more visually stunning and internationally acceptable. The publishing industry has adopted multimedia techniques to make their products more slick and professional and their processes faster and more effective. Multimedia knowledge in the print and publishing industry allows the use of video and still images to be integrated into documents at the pre- print stage. Further, it allows the developer to view and review his product trying out various combinations, alterations and effects for font, layout and colour before he or she can finalize his/her publication. Multimedia also allows the printer to preview the different options before deciding the best choice for his or her publication. This eliminates most of the elements of uncertainty in the printing process. While desktop publishing traditionally meant print design, today it also embraces other forms of publishing including Web design, animation, video, audio, mobile delivery, and other rich media content. Desktop publishing software is increasingly integrating rich media content tools, making it easier than ever to produce complex content for multiple uses without specialized knowledge of HTML, Flash or other programming. (See Figure 5.5.4)                Desktop publishing traditionally meant _____. (A) Web design                                                 (B) Animation (C) Video                                                             (D) Print design (E) None of these     Answer: (D) Explanation Correct Option: (D) Print design: Desktop publishing traditionally meant print design. Incorrect Options: (A) Web design: This option is incorrect (B) Animation: This option is incorrect (C) Video: This option is incorrect (E) None of these: This option is invalid          Desktop publishing software can produce complex content for multiple uses without specialized knowledge of HTML, Flash or other programming. (A) True                                               (B) False     Answer: (a) Explanation Correct Option: (A) True: Desktop publishing software is increasingly integrating rich media content tools, making it easier than ever to produce complex content for multiple uses without specialized knowledge of HTML, Flash or other programming. Incorrect Option: (B) False: This option is incorrect

     Multimedia in Business   Sales and marketing have experienced a newer approach to the target customers through multimedia usage. Online presentations give deeper insight into the business for the user. It keeps the audience alert and interested, thus leading to better chances for sales. Even   basic   office applications like a word processing package or a spreadsheet tool becomes a powerful tool with the aid of multimedia business. Pictures, animation and sound can be added to these applications to emphasize important points in the documents. Multimedia can also offer critical services in the business world. While information can be conveyed by the singular use of still pictures, video, film, audio, or text, multimedia potentially multiplies the degree of effectiveness, due to the added entertainment value. Such benefits cannot be easily matched by the application of a singular medium. The effectiveness of teaching, selling, informing, entertaining, promoting, and presenting are all dependent upon one factor: the ability of the presented material to hold the attention of the desired audience. A dynamic multimedia presentation can usually be more effective than earlier methods at accomplishing the task with an audience that was raised on television and motion pictures. The computerized multimedia presentation offers the added benefit of cost-effective flexibility, allowing easy editing of the basic materials in order to tailor them to specific target audiences. (See Figure 5.5.3) Training, informational and promotional materials, sales presentations, and point- of-sale displays that allow for customer interaction and communication both within and outside the organization are all common applications of multimedia in the business world. Multimedia presentations for many such applications can be highly portable, particularly in the cases of the CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, and videotape. The equipment required to produce these presentations is relatively common place or otherwise easy to access.                      When using multimedia, _____ can be added to business applications to emphasize important points in the documents. (A) Pictures                                        (B) Sound (C) Animation                                                    (D) Art (E) All of these     Answer: (e) Explanation Correct Option: (D) All of these: Multimedia is media that uses multiple forms of information content and information processing like text, audio, graphics, animation, video and interactivity. Incorrect Options: (A) Pictures: This option is only partially correct (B) Sound: This option is only partially correct (C) Animation: This option is only partially correct (D) Art: This option is only partially correct          Multimedia presentations for many applications can be highly ____ by using CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, and videotape. (A) Accessible                                                    (B) Portable (C) Flexible                                                         (D) Interactive (E) All of these     Answer: (d) Explanation Correct Option: (D) All of these: CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, and videotape makes Multimedia very versatile and offers features such as accessibility, portability, flexibility and interactivity. Incorrect Options: (A) Accessible: more...