Sometime a question arises in everybody's mind that why we should worry about the conservation about our so called old, out-dated buildings, their remains, cultural heritage and other similar things. Several people do not like even to have links with the past. They do not like to worry about future generation of the country. They give argues that past is dead and future is uncertain. This however is not right. Heritage is very important. It is the reflection of the identity of the people of a nation. One identifies herself or himself with hers or his heritage, which gives a sense of pride. Our cultural heritage is a mirror of our national unity. Seeing a dance show we can say that this is Indian dance, we can see a play and can say immediately the life style of the Indian society is being staged. Some of our traditions like-saying Good-morning more...

In the early periods of civilizations, large parts of our country were covered with forests. The increase of the population of our country has led to the shrinking of forest area. The forests which purify air have been cut down and new cities and industries have been established in their place. The cutting of the forests causes what is called "The Green House Effect". It results in the heating of the earth's surface or global warming which has serious consequences for life on this planet. As a result coming generations are likely to suffer from incurable diseases. And what is extreme, even the existence of human kind might be in danger. Afforestation is the only measure that can be taken to avoid these disastrous havocs. We know that Chipko Movements was started by Shri  Sunderlal Bahuguna to stop indiscriminate felling of tress in the Himalayas. But an all-out effort is more...

"Herminie had a simply ingenious idea. For women's corn fort she had cut in two the traditional corset." Cadolle website Before bras came along, corsets were the garment of choice for women to provide support and create a shapely silhouette of their figures. However, the whalebone reinforcement in corsets made them an uncomfortable and restricting item to wear. When Frenchwoman Herminie Cadolle (1845-1926) cut the corset in half in 1889, she created the very first bra. In the late nineteenth century, Cadolle moved to Buenos Aires in Argentina, where she opened a lingerie shop. There she had the idea of separating the corset into two parts. She unveiled her new design, which used shoulder straps for support and was called the corselet gorge, at the Great Universal Exhibition of 1889 in Paris. (Another feat of engineering—the Eiffel Tower—was also constructed for this event.) Cadolle's designs were among the first to more...

"[Red Clay Creek] demonstrated for the first time the fully integrated automatic factory" Eugene Ferguson, historian of technology In 1782, Oliver Evans (1755-1819), along with his brother Joseph, opened a village store in Maryland. There, dealing with the local milling community, Evans discovered how cumbersome the milling process was. The stone or log mills were quite primitive, requiring hours of hard labor, and the flour produced by them was often contaminated with dirt from the floor. Evans suspected that there was a better way to make flour, and he began to design an automatic flour mill. The site of Evans's flour mill was in Red Clay Creek, where an old stone mill had been built in 1742. By 1785 the automatic flour mill was in operation. It consisted of a bucket elevator, a belt conveyor, a horizontal conveyor, and S mechanical hopper-boy, which was a rake used for spreading and more...

"The S3200 standard will sustain the position of IEEE 1394 as the absolute performance leader..." James Snider, 1394 Trade Association During the mid-1980s, engineers at Apple, Inc., began working on a new, high-speed data transfer medium to exchange large amounts of data on computers. They dubbed this technology "FireWire"in view of the increased speed, and released it in 1995. Apple's engineers produced their first specification sheet for the setup in 1987. The company realized that USB devices were fine for keyboards and mice, but faster speeds were required for high-memory applications, such as video cameras, which had many gigabytes of data to be exchanged. They approached the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) with the intention of making the technology the standard for all computers, both Macintosh and Windows-based, which the IEEE endorsed in 1995. The first instance of the interface system was called IEEE 1394 and had data more...

Before the invention of the lawn mower, fine lawns were the exclusive preserve of those who could employ gardeners to scythe the grass. English engineer Edwin Beard Budding (1795-1846) invented the cylinder mower to maintain the grass of sports fields and the gardens of the wealthy. Patented in England in 1830, Budding's machine used a heavy roller to drive the cylinder, requiring two gardeners to push and pull it. The Regent's Park Zoological Garden in London was an early adopter, using one in 1831. By 1860 lawn mowers were being manufactured in eight roller sizes, up to 36 inches (900 cm), and in 1859 Thomas Green produced the first chain-driven mower. Grass boxes were added during the 1860s. A steam-powered mower fueled by petrol or kerosene was patented in 1893 by James Sumner, who co-founded the Lancashire Steam Motor Company (later the Leyland Motor Company) in 1896 to produce steam-powered more...

"We ride nonpolluting bicycles to save mankind, but we lock them because we can't trust mankind." Unknown In 1206 an Arab scholar, AI-Jazari, published a book called Kitab fi ma'rifat al-hiyal al-handasiyya (Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices). The little- known academic described numerous devices that had not yet been invented, including the waterwheel, the crankshaft, and the combination lock. In 1550 an eccentric Italian mathematician expanded on AI-Jazari's early ideas and produced what is now recognized as the first combination lock. Gerolamo Cardano (1501-1576), notoriously short of money, kept himself financially afloat through successful gambling and chess playing. But he was also a notable inventor and produced a practical product to help keep possessions secure. Cardano's design used a number of rotating discs with notches cut into them. The lock could be secured by a pin with several teeth that hooked into the rotating discs. When the notches more...

Outline: Progress of man through science and technology; life made secure and comfortable by them; more and more dependence on them basic knowledge of them very necessary even for a common man; their importance infighting back superstition and blind faith: the two providing  solution to our ever-increasing problem; proper application of both for  the welfare of mankind. Man has progressed through science and technology. Hitherto he has been backward. Now with scientific knowledge and technical know-how he has done what was impossible. He has reached the moon. He is on the road to conquer other planets. What was difficult and impossible is now easy and possible. Science and technology have made our life quite secure, safe and extremely comfortable. The word 'luxury' is now meaningful in the real  sense. You can enjoy all the blessings of the world. Now the life is worth living. Today we entirely depend on science. more...

Wheat is one of the most important food grains in the world. But in India, it is next to rice in importance. The people in Hindi-speaking states of India use wheat as their staple food. Wheat is grown in almost all countries of the world. The USA, Canada, Argentina and India are major wheat- producing countries. In our country, wheat is grown in bulk quantities in Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat and in small quantities in West Bengal and Bihar. Sometimes India has to import wheat from foreign countries in order to meet the needs of its growing population. Wheat is a Rabi or spring crop. It is sown in mid- October or mid-November and harvested in March- April. Wheat grows better in those areas where rainfall occurs in winter. Moderate rainfall is necessary for the cultivation of wheat. Some amount of irrigation is also needed. Wheat grows best in well-drained more...

"Today, we are in a state where a car can drive 100 miles... before human assistance is necessary." Dr. Sebastian Thrun, Stanford University As professor at the Universitat der Bundeswehr Munchen, Ernst Dieter Dickmanns (b. 1936) and his team designed a fully automated, driverless vehicle. They equipped a van with a series of cameras and sensors that processed images of the changing scenery and relayed the information to a mechanism that controlled the steering, accelerator, and brakes. This was not the first autonomous vehicle to drive unmanned. Nearly a decade earlier, the Tsukuba Mechanical Engineering Lab in Japan created an automobile that could travel around a specially designed and clearly marked course at speeds of up to 18 miles (30 km) per hour. But in 1986 Dickmanns's van did a lot better, navigating its way around ordinary (albeit empty) roads, attaining a top speed of about 60 miles (100 km) more...