In 1952 Gregory Pincus (1903-1967), a biologist working at the Worcester Foundation for Experimental Biology in the United States, demonstrated that a synthetic form of the hormone progesterone, known as norethidrone, inhibited ovulation in rabbits and rats. Norethidrone had been developed a year earlier by Carl DJerassi, a chemist working at the Syntex company in Mexico City. It had initially been created with the aim of producing high concentrations of progesterone to treat menstrual disorders. It had the advantage of being more active than the human hormone, and also of being effective when taken orally. Margaret Sanger, founder of the American Birth Control League, saw the potential of Pincus's work. She enlisted the help of heiress Katharine McCormick, who agreed to fund research to develop a contraceptive pill.
Pincus developed a pill with the aid of gynecologist John Rock (1890-1984), a devout Catholic aiming to improve conception among infertile couples.
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