Patriotism in its simplest term means love for one's country. It is a natural instinct in us. In the early days families clung together to save themselves from wild animals. Thus many families joined together to make a tribe. Tribes  made  the nation. We show our love to our country in many ways. We wave our national flag on special occasions. We cheer the speeches of our national leaders. True patriotism is more than just raising slogans. It is to identify ourselves with nation. People everywhere do great things for their country. Joan of Arc liberated France from the British. Bhagat Singh, Chandra Shekhar and Subhash Chandra  Bose made supreme sacrifices for the sake of their country. Such men can never be forgotten. In Africa Mandela fought against 'racism' for years and ultimately won. He is a great leader of his country. Genuine patriotism is a sentiment of which we more...

There are some people in society who talk much more than they should. They are always ready to offer suggestions, advice and recommendations even when they are not asked to. No one wants to listen to them yet they continue to bore people with their never-ending chatter. Such people do not think before they speak and often land themselves into unnecessary trouble. They love to indulge in talking all day and never getting down to doing any work at all. The practical examples are our present-day political leaders. They make a lot of promises during election time but hardly keep them when they return to power. In fact one must do great things without promising them. A man is required to do more work than talking because life passes by too fast and one has to accomplish a lot in one's life. There have been men like Mahatma Gandhi, Nehruji, more...

We live in a three-room flat on the ground floor. It is in a big and modern colony of the city. There is a large drawing- cum-dining hall, two bed rooms, kitchen and toilets. There is also a big varanda. My father bought it ten years ago. Then, I was just four-year-old. It is large enough for all of us. We are just four persons in the family. I have one sister only. My parents believe in having  a very small family. My house is built of bricks, iron, tiles and marbles. It has got  all the modem amenities of life. The bath room is also large, airy and tiled. It has a shower. The floor of my house is fully marbled. The kitchen of my house is large and comfortable. It is near the living room. One of its doors opens in a large balcony, rrom there we have more...

The Internet? Television? The internal combustion engine? All of these things are important, but they pale in significance next to arguably the most important invention of all time—the toilet. Archeological research indicates that toilets flushed by water have existed since about 2500 B.C.E. Inhabitants of the Indus Valley developed a sophisticated system of toilets and accompanying plumbing; each house had a toilet with a seat, the waste being borne away by water in a sewer system covered with dry-clay bricks. This system was used in India for most of the existence of the Indus Valley Civilization, which ran from about 3000 to 1700 B.C.E. Ancient Egypt also developed a similar system that removed waste through the use of running water. The ancient Romans were so fastidious that .they constructed a toilet for use when they were traveling. Their sewerage systems were sophisticate and public toilets were common. After some lamentably more...

Our Principal sent an order to the classes that the Inspector of Schools would pay a visit on 15th of December. The teachers and the students became serious. Great preparations were started few days before the day of inspection. The broken panes were removed. The school building was white-washed and furniture was painted. The compound was cleaned of bits of paper. The carpenter repaired the broken furniture. The drawing teachers prepared pictures, maps, diagrams and charts for drawing room, history room and geography room. On the day of inspection we were in our best of clothes. The teachers were in their best suits. At 10 a.m. the Inspector and his staff arrived in their car. The Principal gave them a warm reception. With the Principal the Inspector took round of the whole building. He inspected each class. He put questions regarding the school to some boys. He checked whether the more...

In 1791 the English inventor John Barber (1734-1801) patented "an Engine for using Inflammable Air for the Purpose of procuring Motion." We now know his invention as the gas turbine, a mechanism that was simultaneously 150 years before its time and based on an idea more than 1,700 years old. A turbine is a machine that turns the energy of moving gas or liquid into rotational energy During the first century, the Greek inventor Hero of Alexandria developed the first steam turbine. His device drove steam from boiling water through curved nozzles to rotate a cylinder. John Barber's engine, while based on similar principles, included features not present in its ancient predecessor. A gas turbine engine such as Barber's has three main components: a compressor to increase the pressure of the air, a combustion chamber in which the air is combined with fuel to produce an explosion, and a turbine more...

Outline : Good health—most precious possession. Healthy minds- healthy bodies. Essentials of good health—nutritious food, fresh air, exercise, sleep, rest. Things bad for health—smoking, eating too much, irregular habits, lack of exercise. Good health of all of us is a valuable asset of the nation. It is a sign o: a commanding personality. If you are healthy, you enjoy all the blessing; of life. You eat all the good things of life; Your life becomes worth-living; You enjoy everything of life to its fullest brim. Good health is a precious possession of life. What a pleasure when you are free from dirt and disease; When you are clean and tidy; It is said "Cleanliness is next to godliness" If you want to reach God and seek His blessings, cleanliness is the first requisite. And this good trait of life comes only to a healthy man. A healthy person cannot be more...

The modern era of photography began in 1861 with the invention and patenting of the world's first single- lens reflex (SLR) camera by photography expert Thomas Sutton (1819-1875). His prototype led to the creation of the first batch of SLR cameras in 1884, with a design that f5 still in use today. Sutton also assisted James Clerk Maxwell in his successful demonstration of color photography in 1861. In non-SLR cameras, light enters the viewfinder at a slightly different angle to that at which it enters the lens, so the resulting photo can appear different to the intended composition. In SLR cameras, a mirror is positioned in front of the lens and directs light up into a pentaprism. The light bounces between its edges until it enters the viewfinder with correct orientation, as if the viewer is looking directly through the camera lens. When a photograph is taken, the mirror moves more...

From the Victorian era, right up until the 1960s, mothers struggled with huge and heavy baby carriages. These days, however, a stroller is the item at the top of every new parent's baby list. Not only do parents appreciate the practicalities of having a stroller that they can fold up and carry under one arm, they also want to distance themselves from the unstylish and cumbersome older styles of baby buggy. Unexpectedly; the inventor of the collapsible stroller was Owen Maclaren (1907-1978), a retired test pilot who had previously designed landing gear and protective seals for Spitfire aircraft. His departure into strollers may seem odd, but building a practical stroller required knowledge of strong, lightweight structures, and Maclaren's aeronautics experience had given him exactly that. At around 6 ½ pounds (3 kg), Maclaren's first model cost about $10 (£7) and weighed less than the child it was intended to seat—his more...

Early telegraphs led to improved communication but were limited by a lack of readily available power. In 1839 Welsh scientist Sir William Grove (1811-1896) tried to tackle this problem by designing a device that could generate a strong flow of electricity. Grove's electrochemical device harnessed the energy released by a chemical reaction to generate electricity. Grove's first attempt consisted of zinc In dilute sulfuric acid and platinum in concentrated nitric acid, separated by a porous pot. The "Grove Cell" was the favored power source in the mid-nineteenth century because it produced a strong current. However, as telegraph traffic increased, it soon became apparent that the cells were releasing poisonous, nitric oxide gas. Large telegraph offices were filled with smoke from rows of hissing Grove cells. Grove's second electrochemical cell, the "Gas Voltaic Battery," provided the basis for the modern fuel cell. His idea was based on the fact that sending more...