The religious and social ideas adopted and developed by Gandhi, first during his period in South Africa from 1893 to 1914, and later in India, are collectively referred as Gandhian Philosophy. Later Gandhians like Vinoba Bhave and Jayaprakash Narayan further developed these ideas. Views of' Martin Luther King Jr. can also be studied in this light. The philosopliy of d.iudlii exists on several planes—the spiritual or religious, moral, political, economic, social, individual and collective. Though spiritual or religious element, and God, are at its core, truth and non- violence arc the twin c;irdin;il principles of Gandhi's thought.
For Gandlii, truth or satya is the relative truth of truthfulness in word and deed, and (he absolute truth—the Ultimate Reality. This ultimate truth is God (a.s God is also Truth) .mil morality—the moral laws and code—its basis. Non violence or ahisa, fo from meaning mere peacefulness or the absence of overt violence,
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