Practice Exercise
Change the following sentences into Passive Voice:
John posts the letter.
Solution: The letter is posted by John.
Mary writes a story.
Solution: A story is written by Mary.
Change the following sentences into Active Voice:
This poem was written by Tagore
Solution: Tagore wrote this poem.
Hindi is spoken all over India.
Solution: People speak Hindi all over India.
Change the following into passive voice.
The doctor treats the patient.
(A) The patient is treated by the doctor
(B) The patient is being treated by the doctor
(C) The patient has treated by the doctor
(D) The patient was treated by the doctor
(E) None of these
Answer: (A)
Explanation: The patient is treated by the doctor Change the following into passive voice.
What have you done?
(A) What is done by you?
(B) What has been done by you?
(C) What have been done by you?
(D) What had been done by you?
(E) None of these
Answer: (B)
Explanation: What has been done by you? 
Active to Passive as per Tense
Present Tense
1. Simple Present Tense
Active : Subject + Verb + Object
Example : I like tea.
Passive : Object + is / am /are + \[{{V}_{3}}\] + by + Subject
Example : Tea is liked by me.
2. Present Continuous Tense
Active : Subject + is / am / are + verb (ing) + Object.
Example : He is writing a story.
Passive : Object + is / am / are + being + \[{{V}_{3}}\] + by + Subject.
Example: A story is being written by him.
3. Present Perfect Tense
Active : Subject + has / have + \[{{V}_{3}}\] + Object
Example : Richards has eaten apple.
Passive : Object + has / have + been + \[{{V}_{3}}\] + by + Subject.
Example : Apple has been eaten by Richards.
4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense
No Passive.
Past Tense
1. Simple Past Tense
Active : Subject + \[{{V}_{2}}\] + Object
Example : He wrote a letter.
Passive : Object + was / were + \[{{V}_{3}}\] + by + Subject
Example : A letter was written by him.
2. Past Continuous Tense
Active : Subject + was / were + verb (ing) + Object.
Example : They were making noise.
Passive : Object + was / were + being + \[{{V}_{3}}\] + by + Subject
Example : Noise was being made by them.
3. Past Perfect Tense
Active : Subject + had + \[{{V}_{3}}\]+ Object
Example : The police had arrested the thieves.
Passive : Object + had + been + \[{{V}_{3}}\] + by + Subject
Example : The thieves had been arrested by the police.
4. Past Perfect Continuous Tense
No Passive.
Future Tense
1. Simple Future Tense
Active : Subject + shall / will + verb + object
Example : He will pass the exam.
Passive : Object + shall / will + be + \[{{V}_{3}}\] + by + Subject.
Example : The exam will be passed by him.
2. Future Continuous Tense
No Passive
3. Future Perfect Tense
Active : Subject + shall/will + have + \[{{V}_{3}}\] + Object.
Example : You will have completed the task.
Passive : Object + shall / will + have + been + \[{{V}_{3}}\] + by + subject.
Example : The task will have been completed by him.
4. Future Perfect Continuous Tense
No Passive
Modal verbs (Can, Could, May, Might, Must, Should, Would + Main Verb)
Active : Subject + modal + verb + object.
Example : Richards can eat apple.
Passive : Object + modal + be + \[{{V}_{3}}\] + by + Subject.
Example : Apple more... 
Definition
The voice is the form of verb which indicates whether a person or thing does something or something has been done to a person or thing.
There are two kinds of voice:
(i) Active voice
(ii) Passive voice
Active Voice Definition:
When the subject or person or thing is the doer of an action, the form of the verb is said to be in Active Voice.
Now notice the difference between these two sentences.
In first sentence, the form of the verb shows that the subject the farmer, is doing something. It is the doer of the action. In other words, it can also be said the subject is active. So the verb form, "ploughs" is said to be in Active Voice.
Passive Voice
Definition: When the subject (person or thing) is the receiver of an action, form of the verb is said to be in Passive Voice.
Now notice the difference between these two sentences.
In the second sentence, the form of the verb shows that the subject the farmer is the receiver of the action or something is done to the Subject. In other words, it can also be said that the Subject is not Active but Passive. So the Verb form "is ploughed" is said to be in Passive Voice.
Therefore, Active voice is a direct way to show an action whereas passive voice is an indirect way to show to show an action.
Remember
Changing of Active Voice into Passive Voice
Rules for changing active to passive:
(i) The subject changes into object and object changes into subject.
Active: Steve learns a lesson.
Passive: A lesson is learned by Steve. more... 
Definite Article 'the'
Definite Article: Definite Article (the) points out a particular person, animal, thing or Place. The is used before a noun beginning with a consonant or a vowel sound. Definite Article 'the': You use the when you know that the listener knows or can work out what particular person/thing you are talking about.
"The apple you ate was rotten."
"Did you lock the car?"
The is used when you have already mentioned the thing you are talking about.
Ashoka was a king. The king was great.
We use the to talk about geographical points on the globe.
The North Pole, the equator
We also use the before certain nouns when we know there is only one of a particular thing.
The rain, the sun, the wind, the world, the earth, the White House etc.
However if you want to describe a particular instance of these you should use a/an.
"I could hear the wind." / "There's a cold wind blowing."
"What are your plans for the future?"/ "She has a promising future ahead of her."
The is also used to say that a particular person or thing being mentioned is the best, most famous, etc. In this use, 'the' is usually given strong pronunciation:
"Harry's Bar is the place to go."
"You don't mean you met the Tony Blair, do you?"
The is Also Used Before the Following:
When Articles are not Used
1. We use no article when we are talking about people or things in general.
Carrots are good for you. (carrots in general)
The carrots growing in my garden are almost ready to eat. (specific carrots)
English people drink more... 
Introduction
In English language there are three articles. They are: "A", "An" and "The".
These three articles are divided into two parts, as follow:
(i) Indefinite Articles - "a" and "an"
(ii) Definite Article - the
Indefinite Article 'A' and 'An'
'A' is used before a word which starts from consonant or vowel but sounds like a consonant. (All the letters of English alphabet except 'A', 'E', 'l', 'O', 'U')
A book, a pen, a chair, a one rupee note, etc.
An is used before a word which starts from vowel or consonant but sounds like vowel.
An apple, an egg, an honest man, etc.
See the following examples:
A one eyed man.
Here "A" is used before "one" because "One" sounds like Wone or Vone which is a consonant.
A university.
Here University sounds like Yuniversity which is a consonant.
An M.L.A.
Here M.L.A. sounds like 'Am al a' which is a vowel.
See some other uses of indefinite articles
1. We use "a / an" when we use noun/pronoun for the first time is a sentence.
He is wearing a suit and a tie.
They have a cat.
2. We use a / an to say what kind of person or thing someone or something is (often with an adjective or to say it belongs to a particular group.
You have a nice house.
That's a very expensive car!
A cat is an animal A bus is a vehicle
3. We use a/an to talk about someone's job.
My wife is an optician.
She works as a mechanic.
Remember
(i) Indefinite Article are not used with uncountable noun.
(ii) Article is not used before the name of games.
For example: She plays ludo.
(iii) Article is not used before some diseases like Cholera, Malaria, fever and typhoid, etc.
(iv) Article is not used before the name of festivals.
(v) Article is not used before plural Countable Nouns when they indicate a class.
(vi) No article is used before the names of language.
(vii) No article is used before Proper Noun, Material Noun and Abstract Nouns. 
Use of Different Conjunctions
(A) And, As well as: These two conjunctions are used to add one statement to another:
(i) The man is poor. He is blind.
The man is poor and blind.
(ii) Robin likes tea. Robin likes coffee.
Robin likes tea as well as coffee.
(iii) Anima and Twinkle are dancing.
(iv) You as well he have lifted the box.
(v) Please come and sit beside me.
(vi) Garry sells fruits and vegetables.
(B) Or, Either - or, Neither - nor: These conjunctions are used to indicate a choice between one statement and another.
(i) Is he happy? Is he sad?
Is he happy or sad?
(ii) I will come. I will send Mohan, if I don't come.
Either i will come or send Mohan.
(iii) Steve is not my friend. He is not my brother.
Steve is neither my friend nor my brother.
(C) But, Still, Yet: These conjunctions are used to express contrast between two statements.
(i) He is intelligent. He does not read.
He is intelligent but he does not read.
(ii) The teacher was angry. He did not scold the boy.
The teacher was angry still he did not scold the boy,
(iii) These books are costly. People buy them.
These books are costly yet people buy them.
(D) So, therefore: These conjunctions are used to join two statements where one statement is proved from the other statement.
(i) He did not take umbrella. He got wet.
He did not take umbrella so he got wet.
(ii) The boy stole bread from the shop. He was arrested by the police.
The boy stole bread from the shop therefore he was arrested by the police.
(E) When, while: These conjunctions are used to join two statements to show time of an action.
(i) The cat is away. The mice play.
When the cat is away the mice play.
(ii) I met Priya. I was in London.
I met Priya while I was in London.
(F) If, Unless: These conjunctions are used to join two statements to show condition.
(i) You give me money. I will return your pen.
If you give me money. I will return your pen.
(ii) You make haste. You cannot reach home in time.
Unless you make more... 
Introduction
A word that is used to join two words or sentences is known as a Conjunction.
List of Some Commonly Used Conjunctions
And But Since When Either-or
Although Because Till While Neither-nor
As well as If Until Unless Therefore
As Or Still Yet Before 
Definition
A preposition is a word which comes before a noun or a pronoun and shows its relation to other words in the sentence.
See the following examples:
1. Preposition of time
(A) I got up at 9 o'clock.
(B) She has been dancing for two hours.
(C) She has been swimming since two p.m.
2. Preposition of manner
(A) He earns money by boxing
(B) She played with care.
(C) He walks on his legs.
3. Preposition of place
(A) An accident took place near the church.
(B) A truck ran over a cycle.
(C) Stars shine in the sky.
4. Preposition of direction
(A ) The rat ran towards the hole.
(B) She went around the temple.
(C) A saint came from the East
Look at the following usage of prepositions
| Preposition | Usage | Examples | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| on | day of the work | on Monday | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| in | mother/seasons time of the day year after a certain period of the (when?) | in august in winter in the morning in 2006 in an hour | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| at since for ago | for night for weekend a certain point of time (when? ) from a certain point of time (past till now) over a certain period of time (past till now) a certain time in the past | at night at the weekend at the past nine since 1980 for 2 years 2 years ago | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Present \[{{\text{V}}_{\text{1}}}\] | Past \[{{\text{V}}_{2}}\] | Past P.\[{{\text{V}}_{3}}\] | Present Co.\[{{\text{V}}_{4}}\] | Present Th. P. Si.\[{{\text{V}}_{5}}\] |
| Arise | Arose | Arisen | Arising | Arises |
| Arrive | Arrived | Arrived | Arriving | Arrives |
| Become | Became | Become | becoming | Becomes |
| Break | Broke | Broken | Breaking | Breaks |
| Buy | Bought | Bought | more...
 Kind of Verbs
There are three kinds of verbs
 Transitive Verb
The verb which requires an object after it to complete its sense is called Transitive verb.
Look at the following sentences:
Intransitive Verb
The verb that does not require an object to complete its sense, but makes complete sense by itself is called an Intransitive Verb. Look at the following sentences:
Auxiliary Verb
The verb which helps the main verb change its form is called Auxiliary or Helping Verb.
Look at the following sentences:
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Verb Forms
The following are the five forms of verb.
Present Tense form : \[({{V}^{1}})\] -Go Come Eat
Past Tense form : \[({{V}^{2}})\] -Went Came Ate
Past participle form : \[({{V}^{3}})\] -Gone Come Eaten
Ing form : \[({{V}^{4}})\] -Going Coming Eating
Present Tense Third Person Singular form : \[({{V}^{5}})\] - Goes Comes Eats
